Civil Rights Movement June 2015
Overview Key Concepts Origins/Segregation School Desegregation The Montgomery Bus Boycott Sit-Ins Freedom Riders Desegregating Southern Universities March on Washington Voter Registration The End of the Movement
Origins For African Americans, the path from slavery to full civil rights was long and difficult. Several developments during the 1950s and 1960s legally guaranteed full citizenship: Civil Rights for African Americans Development: Protests Sit Ins Montgomery Bus Boycott Development: Johnson Presidency Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965 Development: Warren Court Brown v. Board of Education
Segregation Civil Rights movement was a political, legal, and social struggle to gain full citizenship rights for African Americans Challenged segregation Movement challenged segregation and discrimination with a variety of activities: Protest marches Boycotts Refusal to abide by segregation laws
Segregation Jim Crow Laws Followed Reconstruction Disenfranchisement Denial of voting rights Between 1890 – 1910 all Southern States passed laws imposing requirements for voting 15 th Amendment Poll Tax Literacy Test
Segregation Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) “Separate but equal” Niagara Movement (1905) W.E.B. Du Bois NAACP (1909) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People National Urban League (1910) Help transition to urban life CORE (1942) Congress of Racial Equality
School Desegregation Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP Overturned many forms of discrimination Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) Warren Court Racially segregated was unconstitutional Many opposition to desegregation Little Rock Nine Schools were desegregated only in theory Racially segregated neighborhoods segregated schools Busing in the 1970s Boston Busing