Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM 13.1 Chapter 13 Managing Change and Innovation

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM 13.2 Learning Outcomes Describe what change variables are within a manager’s control Identify external and internal forces of change Explain how managers can serve as change agents Contrast the “calm waters” and “whitewater rapids” metaphors for change Explain why people are likely to resist change (continued)

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM 13.3 Learning Outcomes (continued) Describe techniques for reducing resistance to change Identify what is meant by the term organizational development and specify four popular OD techniques Explain the causes and symptoms of stress Differentiate between creativity and innovation Explain how organizations can stimulate innovation

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM 13.4 What is Change? Alterations in people Alterations in structure Alterations in technology

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM 13.5 Categories of Change (Exhibit 13-1) STRUCTURE Authority relationships Coordinating mechanisms Job redesign Spans of control PEOPLE Attitudes Expectations Perceptions Behaviour TECHNOLOGY Work processes Work methods Equipment

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM 13.6 External Forces of Change Marketplace Government laws and regulations Technology Economic

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM 13.7 Internal Forces of Change Corporate strategy The workforce Technology and equipment Employee attitudes

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM 13.8 Change Agents Outside Consultants Staff Specialists Managers

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM 13.9 The “Calm Waters” Metaphor Unfreezing Changing Refreezing Lewin’s Three-Step Process

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM Lack of Stability The “White- Water Rapids” Metaphor Lack of Predictability Virtual Chaos Constant Change

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM Today’s Manager and Change Constant and chaotic Competitive advantage lasts less than 18 months If it ain’t broke, break it!

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM Entrepreneurs and Change Context facing entrepreneurs is dynamic change Opportunities and problems Entrepreneur acts as catalyst

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM Resistance to Change Fear of losing something of value Individual Resistance Belief that change Is not good for organization Fear of unknown

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM Reducing Resistance to Change Education and communication Participation Facilitation and support Negotiation Manipulation and co-optation Coercion

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM Categories of Change Structure (teams) Technology (continuous improvement) People (training)

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM Organization Development Planned, long-term, organization- wide change initiative that focuses on values and beliefs

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM OD Techniques: Survey Feedback I’d like to ask some questions to help us understand what you think about the leadership in our company.

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM OD Techniques: Team Building It is important for us to learn to work together and sing from the same song sheet

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM OD Techniques Process consultation Intergroup development

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM Stress in the Workplace Constraints Opportunities Demands

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM Stressors Personal Personality Family Finances Organizational Task demands Role demands Interpersonal Structure Leadership STRESS

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM Ways to Reduce Stress Proper match of employees to job Clear expectations Employee assistance programs Wellness programs

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM What Is Creativity? Combining new ideas in unique ways or making unusual connections What Is Innovation? Process of taking creative idea and making into a useful product, service, or method of operation

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM Innovation Process Perception Innovation Incubation Inspiration

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM Fostering Innovation Structure Culture Human resource practices

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM Characteristics of an InnovativeCulture Ambiguity ExternalControls Impractical RiskConflict OpenSystems Ends/Means

Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. FOM Entrepreneurs and Innovation Key characteristic Supportive culture Need to be able to do something with ideas