LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY
READINGS Smith, Democracy, chs Modern Latin America, ch. 4 (Central America) NB: Optional paper due May 28
ANALYTICAL PAPER 8-10 pages (double-spaced) Prior approval of topic by TA Define a question or “puzzle” Explain choice of country (or site) Describe sources Present evidence Conclude with (tentative) answer to question
DETECTING ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY
The Rise of Electoral Democracy,
THE CONCEPT OF ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY Distinct Dimensions of Democracy: Free and Fair Elections Citizen Rights Systematic Curtailment of Citizen Rights
Democracy, Elections, and Citizen Rights: A Typology Citizen RightsCharacter of Elections Free and FairFree not FairNone ExpansiveLiberal DemocracyLiberal/Permissive Semidemocracy (Null) LimitedIlliberal DemocracyIlliberal/Restrictive Semidemocracy Moderate Dictablanda Minimal(Null)Repressive Semidemocracy Hard-Line Dictadura
Journalists Killed in Latin America, Country___ __ N Killings__ Colombia 36 Peru12 Mexico10 Brazil 8 Haiti 4 Argentina 3 Guatemala 3 Venezuela 2 Chile 1 Dominican Republic 1 Honduras 1 Paraguay 1 Total82 Source: Committee to Protect Journalists, Attacks on the Press in 1999 (New York: CPJ, 2000), 23.
Electoral Regimes and Freedom of the Press, 1990s _________________Regime____________________ Press____AutocracySemi-Democracy Democracy Not Free Partly Free Free Totals
FH scores of 1-2 = Extensive FH scores of 3-4 = Partial FH scores of 5-7 = Minimal CLASSIFYING CITIZEN RIGHTS (Freedom House scales for “Civil Liberties”)
________________Regime___________________ Civil Liberties___AutocracySemi-DemocracyDemocracy Minimal Partial Extensive Totals
_________________Regime_________________ Civil Liberties___AutocracySemi-DemocracyDemocracy Minimal Partial Extensive Totals
Political Regimes in 1999: Countries and Population N % Regime Type_____Countries__ __Population__ Liberal Democracy 3<5 Illiberal Democracy Illiberal Semi-Democracy 5 33 Autocracy 1 2
Liberal and Illiberal Democracy,
AND NOW…? Liberal Democracy (n=7) Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Panama, Uruguay Illiberal Democracy (n=7) Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru Illiberal Semidemocracy (n=5) Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Venezuela Authoritarian (1) Cuba
Why Illiberal Democracy? In case of center and center-right democracies, the illiberal regimes: Protect elite interests Control the popular masses Under the rubric of free and fair elections Thus gaining international approval. In case of progressive “new left” regimes, the opposition: Has the money Has control of the press Does not play by democratic rules
SO WHAT? CYCLES OF MASS POLITICS Unfettered and “dangerous” democracy (e.g., reformists + Allende) [1950s-] Military coups and authoritarian regimes [1960s-] Democracy contained [1980s-]: Neoliberal economics, Washington consensus Institutional constraints (e.g. MRO) Illiberal democracy Rise of the “new Left” [1990s-]
The End