Intelligent Support Systems

Intelligent Systems and Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence and intelligent behavior Comparing artificial and natural intelligence Conventional versus AI computing Commercial artificial intelligence field

Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Behavior Artificial intelligence (AI) is concerned with two basic ideas. First, it involves studying the thought processes of humans; second, it deals with representing those processes via machines (computer, robots, etc.).

Objectives of AI To make machines smarter Understand what intelligence is To make machines more useful

Intelligent Behavior Learning or understanding from experience Making sense of ambiguous or contradictory messages Responding quickly and successfully to new situations Using reason to solve problems and direct actions effectively

Intelligent Behavior Dealing with complex situations Applying knowledge to manipulate the environment Recognizing the relative importance of different elements in a situation

Artificial and Natural Intelligence AI Advantages over Natural Intelligence AI is more permanent AI offers ease of duplication and dissemination AI can be less expensive AI is consistent and thorough AI can be documented

Artificial and Natural Intelligence Natural Intelligence Advantages over AI Natural intelligence is creative Natural intelligence enables people to benefit from and directly use sensory experiences

Artificial and Natural Intelligence Natural Intelligence Advantages over AI Natural intelligence enables people to recognize relationships between things, sense qualities, and spot patterns that explain how various items interrelate Human reasoning is always able to make use of a context of experiences

Commercial AI Field Expert systems (ES) Natural language Robotics and sensory systems Computer vision and scene recognition Intelligent computer-aided instruction (ICAI) Machine learning Handwriting recognizers

Expert System (ES) An ES is decision-making software that can reach a level of performance comparable to - or even exceeding that of - a human expert in some specialized problem area.

Benefits of ES Increased output and productivity Increase quality Capture of scarce expertise and its dissemination Operation in hazardous environments Accessibility to knowledge

Benefits of an ES Reliability Increased capabilities of other computerized systems Ability to work with incomplete or uncertain information Provision of training

Benefits of ES Enhancement of problem solving capabilities Decreased decision making time

Components of Expert Systems

Other Intelligent Systems Natural language processing (NLP) and voice technology Neural computing Fuzzy logic Intelligent agents

Natural Language Processing and Voice Technology Applications of natural language processing (NLP) Speech (voice) recognition and understanding Advantages of speech recognition Voice synthesis

Applications of Natural Language Processing

Advantages of Speech Recognition Ease of access Speed Manual freedom Remote access Accuracy

Benefits and Applications of Neural Computing Potential to provide some of the human characteristics of problem solving Recognition of patterns and characteristics Fault-tolerance Generalization Adaptability

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) - Business Applications Tax fraud Financial services Loan applications evaluation Solvency prediction New product analysis Airline fare management Prediction

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) - Business Applications Evaluation of personnel and job candidates Resource allocation Data mining Foreign exchange rate Stock, bond, and commodities selection and trading Signature validation

Fuzzy Logic Fuzzy logic is a technique, developed by Zadeh, that deals with uncertainties by simulating the process of human reasoning, allowing the computer to behave less precisely and logically than conventional computers do.

Intelligent Agent (IA) Intelligent agents are software entities that carry out some set of operations on behalf of a user or another program, with some degree of independence and in so doing, employ some knowledge or representation of the user’s goals.

Major Tasks Performed by IA Information access and navigation Decision support and empowerment Repetitive office activity Mundane personal activity Search and retrieval Domain experts

Applications of IA User interface Operating systems agents Spreadsheet agents Workflow and administrative management agents Software development Negotiation in electronic commerce

Emerging Technology: Virtual Reality (VR) How does it work VR and the internet/intranets VR and decision making

How Does VR Work

Managerial Issues Cost-benefit and justification Heightened expectations Acquiring knowledge System acceptance System integration

Managerial Issues System technologies Ethical issues

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