Computer Storage Brief History of Magnetic Storage 1953-early 1960’s Drum divided into tracks Each track has own read head – eliminating time to move heads Controller just waits until sought data comes by Speed of data storage/retrieval dependent on rotational speed. Programmers wrote code onto drum in a particular fashion

Computer Storage Brief History of Magnetic Storage

Computer Storage Brief History of Magnetic Storage IBM 305 RAMVAC – Introduced 1956

Computer Storage Brief History of Magnetic Storage 1965 – Removable disk Pack introduced Cassette tapes used for storage in early 1970’s First floppy disk (8”) introduced by IBM (100k) IBM introduces the IBM 3340 hard disk unit ¼” first built – Single sided 180K /4 “ floppy did not become popular until Apple 2E in (Price for drive $495) 1980 – 3 1/2 “ floppy introduce by Sony SEP. Microsoft ships Microsoft Bookshelf, its first CD- ROM application.

Computer Storage Brief History of Magnetic Storage NOV. The Multimedia PC Marketing Council sets the minimum configuration required of a PC to run MPC-class software: 10-MHz 286 processor, 2MB RAM, 30MB hard drive, 16-color VGA, mouse, 8-bit audio card, 150KBps CD-ROM drive JUN. Tandy introduces its low-cost CDR-1000 CD-ROM drive for PCs. At US$400, including drive and controller card, it is about half the price of other drives Insite Technology begins shipping its 21 MB 3.5-inch floppy disk drive

Computer Storage Brief History of Magnetic Storage OCT. NEC Technologies unveils the first triple-speed (450KBps) CD-ROM drive JAN. NEC Technologies ships its quad-speed CD-ROM priced at US $ DEC. Iomega Corp. introduces its Zip drive and Zip disks, floppy disk sized removable storage in sizes of 25MB or 100MB.

Computer Storage Brief History of Magnetic Storage Seagate Technologies announces the first Winchester 5.25-inch hard disk drive Davong Systems introduces its 5MB Winchester Disk Drive for the IBM PC, for US $ IBM introduced the IBM PC/XT and hard disk drives also became standard on most personal computers – Hard disks shrunk to 1.6” tall (still 5 ¼”) inch form factor hard drives began to appear inch form factor hard drives appeared, weighing only a few ounces and delivering capacities up to 40 MB NOV. IBM announced the world's highest capacity desktop PC hard disk drive with new breakthrough technology called Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) heads.

Computer Storage Brief History of Magnetic Storage IBM introduces the 10,000 RPM Ultrastar 72ZX -- the world's highest capacity drive at 73 gigabytes (GB) IBM announced the availability of the 1Gb Microdrive, the world's smallest, lightest and largest capacity mobile hard disk increasing storage by a factor of three.

Computer Storage Interfaces MFM(Modified Frequency Modulation) RLL (Run-Length-Limited) ESDI (Enhanced Small Device Interface or ESDI ) IDE (Intelligent Drive Electronics or Integrated Drive Electronics ) ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment ) SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) USB Firewire Fibre Channel ISCSI (Internet SCSI) INFINIBAND

Computer Storage Mass Storage How much hard disk storage is there in the world? Table 4.3: Annual production of hard disks: units shipped and total storage capacity Year DisksSold (Thousands)Storage Capacity (Petabytes) , , , , , , ,000 (IDEMA)4, ,000 (Gartner)7, ,000 (Gartner projection)10, ,00015, TOTAL1,519,527 (1.5 billion drives)41, (41 exabytes) Source: Raw data, various sources. Chart, How much information 2003

Table 1.1: How Big is an Exabyte? Kilobyte (KB) 1,000 bytes OR 10 3 bytes 2 Kilobytes: A Typewritten page. 100 Kilobytes: A low-resolution photograph. Megabyte (MB) 1,000,000 bytes OR 10 6 bytes 1 Megabyte: A small novel OR a 3.5 inch floppy disk. 2 Megabytes: A high-resolution photograph. 5 Megabytes: The complete works of Shakespeare. 10 Megabytes: A minute of high-fidelity sound. 100 Megabytes: 1 meter of shelved books. 500 Megabytes: A CD-ROM. Gigabyte (GB) 1,000,000,000 bytes OR 10 9 bytes 1 Gigabyte: a pickup truck filled with books. 20 Gigabytes: A good collection of the works of Beethoven. 100 Gigabytes: A library floor of academic journals. Terabyte (TB) 1,000,000,000,000 bytes OR bytes 1 Terabyte: trees made into paper and printed. 2 Terabytes: An academic research library. 10 Terabytes: The print collections of the U.S. Library of Congress. 400 Terabytes: National Climactic Data Center (NOAA) database. Petabyte (PB) 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes OR bytes 1 Petabyte: 3 years of EOS data (2001). 2 Petabytes: All U.S. academic research libraries. 20 Petabytes: Production of hard-disk drives in Petabytes: All printed material. Exabyte (EB) 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes OR bytes 2 Exabytes: Total volume of information generated in Exabytes: All words ever spoken by human beings. Source: Many of these examples were taken from Roy Williams “Data Powers of Ten” web page at Caltech.Roy Williams “Data Powers of Ten”

Computer Storage Mass Storage How many are sold annually? Source: Raw data, various sources. Chart, How much information 2003 Table 4.3: Annual production of hard disks: units shipped and total storage capacity Year DisksSold (Thousands)Storage Capacity (Petabytes) , , , , , , ,000 (IDEMA)4, ,000 (Gartner)7, ,000 (Gartner projection)10, ,00015, TOTAL1,519,527 (1.5 billion drives)41, (41 exabytes)

Computer Storage Mass Storage For what usage? Source: Raw data, various sources. Chart, How much information 2003 Table 4.4: Total Storage Capacity and Original Info on Hard Drives, 2002 Drive typeEst. Units Shipped 2002Total Storage (in TB)Est. % OriginalTotal Original (in TB) Single-user (PC, laptop, and workstation)200 million9 million TB1%90,000 TB Server (midrange and enterprise)20 million0.9 million TB35%313,000 TB 220 million9.9 million TB 403,000 TB Note that although the number server disks is only 10% of single-user disks, the capacity is about 347% times as much.

Computer Storage Mass Storage It is estimated that 60% of this capacity is unused. Also note that these figures do not include tapes, CDs, DVDs, floppies, etc.

Computer Storage Mass Storage So, where does this leave us? The need for more storage. Enter: DAS NAS SANS DAFS

Computer Storage Mass Storage Coming soon: Feature attraction: The Protocols Starring:Fibre Channel FCIP iFCP And Introducing:ISCSI