Warm-up: Imagine that you are moving into the neighborhood shown below. Which backyard would you choose? Why?

One of your new neighbors proposes that the fences should be taken down forming one common backyard. List two advantages and two disadvantages of this plan. Then explain why you would approve or disapprove of your neighbor’s proposal.

Centrifugal Force A force that divides people and countries

Centripetal Force A force that unites people and countries

Common Market A group of countries that acts as a single market, without trade barriers between member countries

Supranational Cooperation A form of international cooperation in which countries give up some control of their affairs as they work together to achieve shared goals

European Union

History of Europe Battleground – World Wars pitted European countries against each other.

History of Europe May 9, 1950 Robert Schuman made a famous speech about bringing Europe together which would lead to long-lasting peace

European Coal and Steel Community – 6 countries – created a common market Same 6 moved to European Economic Community – reduced trade barriers for many goods. Became known as Common Market and more countries joined Peaceful Cooperation

1993 – 12 Common Market countries formed the European Union (EU)

Peaceful Cooperation 2012 Now 27 countries

Peaceful Cooperation Main goals – encourage peace and economic well-being Works to create jobs, protect citizens’ rights, and preserve the environment Promotes freedom, security and justice

Europe Prior to the EU Hard for citizens to live or work in another country Each country had its own currency Each charged tariffs on imports from its neighbors – raised prices

Economic Forces Unite Divide

Economic Forces that Unite the EU What kind of force is this?

Economic Forces that Unite the EU 1.Common market – Allows goods and workers to travel more freely across borders. – More choices of what to buy – No tariffs = lower prices – Workers can travel freely to find jobs

Economic Forces that Unite the EU 2. Common currency – euro In many EU countries it has replaced the national currency Easier to travel and trade across the EU

The euro – a single currency for Europeans EU countries using the euro EU countries not using the euro

Economic Forces that Unite the EU 3. EU trading bloc Allows EU countries to have more power in the global economy than they would have individually.

Economic Forces that Divide the EU What kind of force is this?

Economic Forces that Divide the EU 1. W. European nations are wealthier than those in Central or E. Europe EU spends large amounts of money on projects in poorer nations and some W. Europeans object to this

Economic Forces that Divide the EU 2. Workers in the West are higher paid Living costs are higher in W. Europe Some businesses have moved factories to the poorer E. European countries

Economic Forces that Divide the EU Some Western Europeans also worry about losing jobs to other EU workers who are willing to work for less money

Economic Forces that Divide the EU 3. Not all countries adopted the Euro in 2002 Three refused and kept their own: UK, Sweden, Denmark. Others are not allowed to adopt the euro since they did not have a stable economy

Green – Countries that use the Euro Blue – countries that chose not to or are not allowed to use the Euro