East Asia in the 20 th c after WWII East Asia’s Climb Back to Centrality

1937 – Japanese invasion of China Guomindang & Communists reach alliance – Following Communists’ Long March to hinterlands, Guomindang left in cities to fight Japanese alone Turning point in Chinese civil war : Chinese Civil war resumes 1949: Communist win WWII – Histories Intertwined

Communist China under Mao

“We must have faith in the masses and we must have faith in the Party. These are two cardinal principles. If we doubt these principles, we shall accomplish nothing.” Mao Zedong

“Protect the interests of the youth, women and children - provide assistance to young students who cannot afford to continue their studies, help the youth and women to organize in order to participate on an equal footing in all work useful to the war effort and to social progress, ensure freedom of marriage and equality as between men and women, and give young people and children a useful education....” Mao Zedong

Mao Wanted to help China by… – Helping poor farmers – Create classless society & economic equality – Set up a dictatorship to force changes Totalitarian = government w/ total control In other words, he was a hardline communist

Mao’s Great Leap Forward 1950s Wanted China to take a great leap forward by using peasants to industrialize Created communes of collective farming – Farmers forced to meet quotas & turn harvest over to government Huge failure – resulting in famine – Peasants too uneducated to industrialize

Backyard Furnaces

Close Cropping

Campaign Against the Sparrows

Mao’s Cultural Revolution 1960s Effort to keep communist energy & revolutionary spirit going – Create youth groups called Red Guard – Wrote book called: Little Red Book Tried to end old ideas & capitalism Huge failure: Attacked educated professionals

How has Chinese family life changed? Tried to weaken influence of family Women gained legal equality – Allowed choice in marriage – Ended footbinding – Work & school opportunities

1-Child Policy: slows population growth Generation 1 Generation 2 Generation 3 Generation 5 Generation 4

Yet, today China has the world’s 2 nd largest economy. How?

Communist China under Deng Xiaoping Answer?

Deng Led China in 1980s Wanted to help China develop with more economic freedoms – Industrializing & focusing on manufacturing – Wanted to allow for profits (motivation) – Kept tight Communist control of government No democratic reforms 1-Child Policy to reduce population In other words, he was a dictator who wanted to keep Communists in power without using communist ideas….a pragmatist

Four Modernizations Special Economic Zones – Cities allowed to trade internationally and accept foreign investment Responsibility System – Farmers given reduced quotas so extra harvest could be sold for profit

Tiananmen Square Massacre 1989 Students protest for democracy Government massacres 2000 protestors Govt Response Events

Deng Led China in 1980s Wanted to help China develop with more economic freedoms – Industrializing & focusing on manufacturing – Wanted to allow for profits (motivation) – Kept tight Communist control of government No democratic reforms In other words, he was a dictator who wanted to keep Communists in power but used more practical efforts that blended capitalist & communist ideas….a pragmatist

Closure What is the difference between Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping? What the similarity between Mao and Deng?

China Today

"Socialism with Chinese characteristics" Liberalization of Chinese Economy

1992: “Socialist Market Economy”

Liberalization of Chinese Economy

China Today 2 nd largest economy – …but divided among almost 2 billion people Average Chinese person makes $10,000 Average American makes $50,000 Industrialized – Economy based on manufacturing small, cheap goods – …but lots of pollution

2013 ECONOMIC DATA Liberalization of Chinese Economy

Foreign Relations Tense relationship with Taiwan – Taiwan: home of Nationalists after fleeing defeat in civil war – Both sides claim rightful control of other Tense relationship with West – Censors political rights & freedom of speech Dissidents & separatists are repressed (ex – Tibet) – Britain returned control of Hong Kong to China in 1997