Mammals

Unit Map Set up Unit Name: Mammals Unit Essential Question: What are the different types of mammals? Concepts: (Fill in after we take our test) Daily Essential Questions: (Fill in as we go through the unit) Vocabulary: (Fill in before we take our test

Today’s Agenda Warm-up Dog Basic care Activity Types of Dogs Review

Warm-up What does this picture mean to you? Please write at least 2-3 sentences.

Essential Question What are the basic requirements for taking care of a dog?

Dogs History – Evolved from wolves – Selective breeding animals with the best traits kept for breeding Ex: size, color, swimming ability, etc. – Various breeds now

Dogs Feeding depends on age – 8-12 weeks old  4 meals a day – 3-6 months  3 meals a day – 6 mo.-1 yr  2 meals a day – 1 yr  1 meal a day – *For larger canines  2 smaller meals a day

Dogs Exercise – Regular exercise needed in order to avoid destructive behavior.

Dogs Grooming – Frequent grooming – Bathed a few times a year

Dogs Handling – To carry a small dog, place one hand under dog’s chest, with either your forearm or other hand supporting the hind legs and rump.

Dogs Housing – Winter- warm, dry, covered shelter EX: dog crate or dog bed – Summer- cool water and shade

Activity You have 20 minutes! Read through the information on the groups of dogs. Complete the graphic organizer with the information. Examples will be talked about in class to fill in the last box of each.

Dog Types Sporting- active and alert. Likeable, well rounded companions. Participate in hunting and other field activities. Need regular exercise Ex: Golden Retriever

Dog Types Hound- used for hunting. Acute scenting powers to follow a trail. Some have unique baying sound. Ex: Beagle, Basset Hound

Dog Types Working- bred to perform jobs such as guarding, pulling sleds, water rescue. Intelligent, quick to learn, strong. MUST be properly trained. Ex: Siberian Husky

Dog Types Terrier- feisty, energetic dogs, little tolerance for other animals. Ancestors bred to kill vermin. Stripping- special grooming Ex: Border Terrier

Dog Types Toy- tiny, but tough. More popular in city and people with less space. Ex: Chihuahua, Pug

Dog Types Non-sporting- varied collection Ex: Poodle, Bull Dog

Dog Types Herding- Ability to control movement of other animals. Ex: Collie

Dog Types MISC- Breeds waiting to be accepted by the AKC Board of Directors. Ex: Russell Terrier

Anatomy We will use a diagram to discuss the parts of a dog.

Pet Care Fill out the organizer with housing, feeding, grooming, and handling information for Dogs.

Review Word Wall/Concept Map Exit Question: Name the (8) types of dogs and an example for each. Next Class: Cats

Mammals

Today’s Agenda Warm- Up Essential Question Basic Care of Cats Breeds of Cats Activity Review

Warm- up What is this? What does it represent?

Essential Question How do you take care of a cat?

Cats History – Domesticated after settled agriculture in Egypt – Purpose- controlling vermin – Priests used them as deification – Middle ages- associated with satan, witches and warlocks

Basic care of cats Grooming – Most stay clean – Brush or comb regularly Feeding – 6-12 weeks- 4 meals a day – 3-6 months- 3 meals a day – Adult cat- 1 large meal or 2 or 3 meals a day

Basic care of cats Housing – Clean, dry place to sleep and rest – Try to keep indoors, outdoor cats contract diseases, get ticks, parasites, etc. Handling – One hand behind front legs and another under hind quarters. Lift gently.

Basic care of cats Litter Box – All indoor cats need one – 1 box per floor – Scoop solid wastes once a day – Once a week- dump everything, wash with a mild detergent, and refill

Activity Students will use the charts to come up with information on their assigned cat. They are to include: History and Origin, head characteristics, body, tail, how many colors (not what colors), coat, care, tempermant, and the environment.

Breeds of Cats 41 breeds, only top 10 covered in class American shorthair- “alley cat”, robust health, large eyes, and short, broad face. “family cat” affectionate

Breeds of cats Oriental- intelligent and curious. Crave human affection. Lots of energy.

Breeds of cats Birman- very sweet and even-tempered. Seek out human companionship. Follow you, greet you. Striking blue eyes.

Breeds of cats Ragdoll- docile and will not fight. Affectionate, easy going cat

Breeds of cats Abyssinian- very people oriented. Always wants to be by you. Loyal.

Breeds of cats Siamese- quick witted, excellent jumper and climber. Unusual voice sounds like he’s talking to you. Least friendliest.

Breeds of cats Exotic- friendly. Same as Persian but easier to groom because of shorter hair.

Breeds of cats Maine Coon- long, thick coat. Temperament of shorthair. Active and excellent rat catchers. Mistaken as racoon.

Breeds of cats Persian- variety of colors. Thick, luxurious coat, large eyes, short but sturdy-legged body. Quiet and relaxed. Wary around children. Most affectionate.

Based on the information given today, place the breeds of cats in order from (1 being most popular, 10 being least popular)

Anatomy We will use a diagram to discuss the parts of a cat.

Pet Care Fill out the organizer with housing, feeding, grooming, and handling information for Cats.

Review Word Wall/Concept Map Exit Question: What picture does not belong and why? Next Class: Hamsters, Guinea Pigs

Mammals

Today’s Agenda Warm-up Essential Question Hamsters Guinea Pigs Review

Warm- Up Tell me what you know about hamsters and guinea pigs.

Essential Question How are hamsters and guinea pigs similar to each other?

Hamster History Golden Hamster- most often found in pet stores. Native to Syria dessert Discovered in 1930 in Jerusalem

Hamster Characteristics Nocturnal Cheek pouches to carry food (hoarders) Protective of their territory (may bite) Females usually dominate males Solitary animals Life span of 1-3 years

Hamster Temperature Prefer temperature of 70* Above 80*- estivation (deep sleep) Below 50*- hibernation

Hamster cages Cages 10 X 16 X 10 Gnaw-proof Water bottle hung on the outside of the cage Clean, fresh bedding (paper confetti, paper strips, wood chips, wood shavings, etc.)

Hamster feeding Commercially prepared pellets Occasionally carrots, potato pieces, fresh clover or alfalfa to supplement diet Seeds such as – Corn, millet, wheat, oats, sorghum, and rape seeds

Hamster handling

Hamster diseases and ailments Wet Tail- wetness around the tail and rear area, caused by runny diarrhea. Go off their feed, have rough hair coats, become weak. Usually die within 1-2 days. When this occurs, disinfect everything and replace bedding.

Hamster diseases and ailments Tyzzer’s Disease- caused by clostridium piliformis. Loss of appetite, dehydration, watery diarrhea, and sudden death. Common diarrhea- overabundance of leafy greens, vegetables or fruit Fleas and lice- clean cage regularly and flea powder sprinkled in fresh bedding.

Hamster Reproduction Separate litter at 5-6 weeks Sexually mature at 6 weeks Females in heat every 4 weeks Produce litter in 16 days 2-16 young, 6-8 is average

Guinea Pigs

Guinea Pigs History Bred for meat production in South America for the last 3,000 years Still used for food in Ecudor, Peru, and Bolivia Since 1800 used for research on pathology, nutrition, genetics, toxicology, and development of serums

Guinea Pigs History Means “little pig” although it is not from Guinea or a pig. Makes similar grunts. Makes ideal pets

Guinea Pig Varieties Abyssinian- rough, wiry coat. All colors. Hair made of rosettes

Guinea Pig Varieties The American- most common. Short, glossy hair and fine in texture. Variety of colors and combinations.

Guinea Pig Varieties Peruvian- very long hair (up to 20 in.) Satin- satin like fur Silkie- long hair Teddy- short, kinky hair White Crested- short hair, but crest is rosette

Characteristics of Guinea Pigs Adults reach 8-10 inches Weigh 1-2 pounds Short, stocky build with short legs 4 toes on forefeet and 3 on hindfeet

Characteristics of Guinea Pigs Eyes on side of head Sensitive hearing Sense of smell highly developed Live in colonies or clans in wild – 1 dominant male and 5-10 females

Guinea Pig Housing Cages- plastic bottom 3-4 in. deep with vertical wire bars 12 X 24 in. Food bowls made of heavy glass Water bottle

Guinea Pig Feeding Vegetarians Guinea Pig pellets Supply vitamin C Romaine lettuce, green leaf lettuce, kale, carrots, apples, pears, turnips, beets, and cucumbers Clover and grass hay Wheat, corn and oats

Care Brushed daily Mild shampoo Dried and kept warm after bath Toenails clipped- stay away from pink or quick of nail

Handling Grasped firmly around front shoulders with one hand and the rear supported by the other hand. Cradle in palm and hold close to body.

Diseases and Ailments Respiratory diseases- usually lethargic and listless, discharges from the nose and sneeze. Treatment immediately or death may occur. Swelling on neck- abscessed lymph nodes Mites

Reproduction Heat cycle- 16 days Gestation days Up to 5 litters a year, 2-4 per litter Young fully developed- eat solid food within 24 hours, nurse for 3 weeks

Observations Observe the hamsters and guinea pigs when we go into the lab. Write down the following information What where they doing? Behavior? Noises made? Smells? Any other info necessary.

Pet Care Fill out the organizer with housing, feeding, grooming, and handling information for Hamsters. Fill out the organizer with housing, feeding, grooming, and handling information for Guinea Pigs.

Review Word Wall/ Concept Map Exit question: Have you ever owned a hamster or guinea pig? If so, what was the biggest problem? If not, would you ever own one? Why/Why not? Next class: Other rodents

Mammals

Today’s Agenda Warm-up Essential Question Rabbits Review

Warm-up What foods can be fed to hamsters?

Essential Question How do we take care of a rabbit?

History Order Lagomorpha Fossil remains found million years ago Hunted for food, and used to make clothing French monks domesticated rabbit Introduced to the US at the beginning of the 20 th century

Uses Meat – High in protein – Low in cholesterol – Low in fat – Low in sodium – Very palatable – White mean, easy to digest

Uses Research – Study reproduction – Draize Eye Test (cosmetics and other products) – Skin irritation tests 554,000 in 1987 – 240,000 in 2006 Why did this number decline?

Uses Fur/Wool – Normal – Rex – soft, plush feel – Angora- softer, finer, warmer, lighter. No irritation or scratchiness – Satin- sheen, luster and slick appearance

Uses Pets – clean, gently, lovable pets – Easily trained to use litter box – Small and dwarf sizes most popular

Breeds Each student will be given a name of a breed. Using the handouts you will give a brief description of your rabbit breed. It is your responsibility to take note of the other breeds discussed in class. 45 different breeds

Anatomy Pg. 260

Housing and Equipment Hutches- houses used to keep rabbits Wire cages for 6-11 pounds 12 pounds + solid floor Temperature- can stand cold temp but not too hot (80+ is uncomfortable) – Place bottle of ice for rabbit to lie against to prevent heat stroke

Housing and Equipment Humidity- 60%-need ventilation Proper lighting Absence of drafts

Feeding Galvanized metal self-feeders Pellet type feeds Timothy hay better Supplemented foods kept to a minimum – May cause diarrhea – Fruits, vegetables, and green foods

Feeding Coprophagy- eating fecal material – Recover nutrients that were unabsorbed during the first pass May give – Corn, oats, oatmeal, wheat germ, carrots, apple slices, green beans, banana, pineapple, or papaya

Handling Walk slowly and speak to rabbit when approaching Gently stroke animal from ear to ear One hand under the chest and belly and other hand behind the rabbit Remove tail first

Diseases and Ailments Enteritis- inflammation of the intestinal tract and most common cause of death in rabbits Snuffles- persistent sneezing with white discharge caused by bacteria and stress conditions Mastitis- inflammation of the mammary tissue. Becomes swollen, hot and dark red or blue.

Diseases and Ailments Weepy eye- inflammation of the conjunctiva (mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids and covering the front part of the eye) Others- Vent Disease, Rabbit syphillis, ear mites, infectious myxomatosis, papillomatosis, ringwork, fur mites, mange mites, pinworm, wet dewlaps, fur chewing, hutch burn, sore hocks, malocclusion

Reproduction Sexually mature at 4-8 months Females sexually active depending on the length of day and temperature Birth will occur days after mating

Babies Kindling- birth process in rabbits Nest box 2 days before expected Check young every 24 hours Eyes open at days 3 weeks leave nest box

Pet Care Fill out the organizer with housing, feeding, grooming, and handling information for Rabbits.

Review Word Wall/ Concept Map Exit Question: Why aren’t rabbits bred for meat in the US?? Next Class: Gerbils, Mice, Chinchillas

Mammals

Today’s Agenda Warm-up Essential Question Gerbils, mice, and chinchillas Review

Warm-up Which picture is correct?

Essential Question How do we take care of gerbils, mice, and chinchillas?

Activity Using the Gerbil and Mouse Care Sheets fill in the Pet Care organizer with: – Food – Housing – Care – Handling

Gerbils 14 different species Most common- Mongolian gerbil Very quiet animals Life expectancy- 2-4 years Gestation period days Litters of 1-10, 3-4 average.

Gerbils Seldom affected by disease – Respiratory infections – Nasal dermatitis-hair loss and red swollen areas of the skin. – Tyzzer’s Disease’ – Fleas – Lice – Mites

Mice 36 species Most common- house mouse Smell is most highly developed sense Primarily nocturnal, pets may come out during the day Prefer company of other mice (colony)

Mice Free of disease if given proper diet, housing, and exercise. Sexually mature at 4 weeks 21 days gestation Litters 5-10

Chinchillas 1,000 years ago, Incas used for fur First chinchilla skins sold on June 21, 1954 at the New York Auction Company.

Chinchillas 2 species – C. langier and C. brevicaudata Breeds based on color – The Standard (blue-grey color) – The White – The Beige – The Black – The Sullivan Violet (clear white belly and lavender center back strip of a fur pelt.)

Chinchillas 2 species – C. langier and C. brevicaudata Breeds based on color – The Standard (blue-grey color) – The White – The Beige – The Black – The Sullivan Violet (clear white belly and lavender center back strip of a fur pelt.)

Chinchillas Reading thru the packet we will fill out the pet care sheet with the following information: – Housing – Feeding – Handling – Care

Review Word Wall/Concept Map Exit Question: Which animal talked about today would require the least amount of care? Next Class: Exam Review