1 Cabling UTP AND FIBER CABLING

2 Structured Cabling Infrastructure Mounted and permanent Allows patching Comfort that infrastructure is OK Components: Information Outlet with Face Plate Patch Panel UTP Cable Patch Cord Cabling

3 Fiber Optic Cabling Infrastructure Components: Fiber Cable Fiber Pigtail Fiber Connectors LIU Coupler Fiber Patch Cord Cabling

4 Fiber Optic Installation – Outside Plant Cabling

5 QUESTIONS?

6 Campus LAN Technology Options Ethernet Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet 10 Gig Ethernet WLAN Campus Networks

7 Campus Network Architecture Campus Network Internet Server Farm Backbone Switch Access Switch Distribution Switch RouterFirewall

8 Campus Network Architecture Uses Three Tier Switching Architecture (Popularly known as Cisco’s Switching Architecture) Backbone Switch Layer 3/4 Chassis based switch Multiple 100Fx or 1000SX/LX or 10GLX/LH ports for connectivity to Distribution switches Multiple 10/100/1000 ports for connectivity to Servers Distribution Switch Layer 2/3 Managed Fixed configuration switch 1/2 100Fx or 1000Sx/Lx or 10GLX/LH ports for connectivity to the Backbone switch Multiple 10/100 or 10/100/1000 ports for connectivity to the Access switches Access Switch Layer2 Managed/Unmanaged Fixed configuration switch Multiple 10/100 or 10/100/1000 ports for desktop connectivity Campus Network

Wireless LAN Provides network connectivity over wireless media An Access Point (AP) is installed to act as Bridge between Wireless and Wired Network The AP is connected to wired network and is equipped with antennae to provide wireless connectivity LAN Technologies Network connectivity to the legacy wired LAN Desktop with PCI LAN card Laptop with PCMCIA LAN card Access Point

Wireless LAN Range ( Distance between Access Point and WLAN client) depends on structural hindrances and RF gain of the antenna at the Access Point To service larger areas, multiple APs may be installed with a 20-30% overlap A client is always associated with one AP and when the client moves closer to another AP, it associates with the new AP (Hand-Off) Four flavors: b a g n LAN Technologies

11 QUESTIONS?

12 Residential Networks: Dial-up Uses POTS (Plain Old Telephone System) Provides a low cost need based access. Bandwidth 33.6 /56 Kbps. On the Customer End: Modem is connected to a Telephone Line On the Service Provider End: Remote Access Server (RAS) is connected to Telephone Lines (33.6 Kbps connectivity) or E1/R2 Line (56 Kbps connectivity) RAS provide dialin connectivity, authentication and metering. Achievable bandwidth depends on the line quality. MAN Technologies RAS

13 Residential Networks: DSL Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) uses the Ordinary Telephone line and is an always-on technology. This means there is no need to dial up each time to connect to the Internet. Because DSL is highly dependent upon noise levels, a subscriber cannot be any more than 5.5 kilometers (2-3 miles) from the DSL Exchange Service can be symmetric, in which downstream and upstream speeds are identical, or asymmetric in which downstream speed is faster than upstream speed. DSL comes in several varieties: Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) High Data Rate DSL (HDSL) Symmetric DSL (SDSL) Very High Data Rate DSL (VDSL) MAN Technologies

14 Residential Broadband: ADSL MAN Technologies

15 Residential Broadband: Mobile Wireless MAN Technologies Use CDMA (128 Kbps) or GSM GPRS (384 Kbps) Mobile Wireless or 3G (2 Mbps)

16 Enterprise WAN Network Enterprise Network

17 Enterprise WAN Network Enterprise Network

18 Enterprise WAN Network Enterprise Network Server Farm Service Provider Network All the locations are connected through a Service Provider Network over MPLS Backbone Branch Office Corporate Head Office

19 QUESTIONS?

20 TCP/IP Model Application Layer Application programs using the network Transport Layer (TCP/UDP) Management of end-to-end message transmission, error detection and error correction Network Layer (IP) Handling of datagrams : routing and congestion Data Link Layer Management of cost effective and reliable data delivery, access to physical networks Physical Layer Physical Media

21 IP as a Routed Protocol IP is a connectionless, unreliable, best-effort delivery protocol. IP accepts whatever data is passed down to it from the upper layers and forwards the data in the form of IP Packets. All the nodes are identified using an IP address. Packets are delivered from the source to the destination using IP address Internet Protocol

22 Packet Propagation Internet Protocol

23 IP Address IP address is for the INTERFACE of a host. Multiple interfaces mean multiple IP addresses, i.e., routers. 32 bit IP address in dotted-decimal notation for ease of reading, i.e., Address , and carries special meaning. IP address is divided into a network number and a host number. Also bits in Network or Host Address cannot be all 0 or 1. Internet Protocol

24 IP Configuration of an Interface Internet Protocol StaticDHCP

25 IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 4 is the most popular protocol in use today, although there are some questions about its capability to serve the Internet community much longer. IPv4 was finished in the 1970s and has started to show its age. The main issue surrounding IPv4 is addressing—or, the lack of addressing—because many experts believe that we are nearly out of the four billion addresses available in IPv4. Although this seems like a very large number of addresses, multiple large blocks are given to government agencies and large organizations. IPv6 could be the solution to many problems posed by IPv4 Internet Protocol

26 IPv6 IPv6 uses 128 bit address instead of 32 bit address. The IPv6 addresses are being distributed and are supposed to be used based on geographical location. Internet Protocol

27 TCP/UDP Transport Layer Protocol TCP is connection Oriented (uses checksum and acknowledgment) UDP is Connectionless Both use the concept of Connection Port Number (16 Bit Source Port Number and Destination Port Number) Standard Applications have standard Port Numbers ( 25, Telnet 23, FTP 20 & 21, SSH 22) TCP/UDP

28 QUESTIONS?