Chapter 14: Section 3 The Intellectual and Artistic Renaissance

The Intellectual Renaissance: Humanism Secular (non-religious) worldview Secular (non-religious) worldview Emphasis on the individual Emphasis on the individual  Freedom of choice  Capability Study of the classics: Greek & Roman literature Study of the classics: Greek & Roman literature  Grammar, rhetoric, poetry, philosophy, history Pure classical Latin (Cicero, Virgil) Pure classical Latin (Cicero, Virgil) Petrarch: the father of Renaissance humanism Petrarch: the father of Renaissance humanism

“New” Humanism Florence, early 15 th century Florence, early 15 th century It is a duty of an intellectual to live an active life It is a duty of an intellectual to live an active life Participate in civic life = work for the state Participate in civic life = work for the state Knowledge of humanities should serve the state Knowledge of humanities should serve the state Humanists served as secretaries in city-states to princes & popes Humanists served as secretaries in city-states to princes & popes Vernacular literature (Dante, Chaucer, de Pizan) Vernacular literature (Dante, Chaucer, de Pizan)

Dante, Chaucer, and de Pizan

Humanism’s Effect on Education Goal: a complete citizen = a well-rounded human being, who possesses virtue, wisdom & rhetorical skills Goal: a complete citizen = a well-rounded human being, who possesses virtue, wisdom & rhetorical skills  Education = practical preparation for life  education is essential  Education = practical preparation for life  education is essential Liberal studies: history, philosophy, rhetoric, grammar, logic, poetry, mathematics, astronomy, music Liberal studies: history, philosophy, rhetoric, grammar, logic, poetry, mathematics, astronomy, music A sound mind in a sound body  P.E. A sound mind in a sound body  P.E.  javelin, archery, dance, running, wrestling, swimming, hunting  javelin, archery, dance, running, wrestling, swimming, hunting

The Artistic Renaissance A new world perspective A new world perspective Human beings were the focus of attention Human beings were the focus of attention The imitation of nature: to see the reality of the objects and events they were portraying The imitation of nature: to see the reality of the objects and events they were portraying Used the laws of perspective Used the laws of perspective Observed nature and the human body Observed nature and the human body Tried to achieve ideal beauty Tried to achieve ideal beauty

Painting Early 15 th century, Masaccio: frescoes Early 15 th century, Masaccio: frescoes  Painting on fresh, wet plaster w/ water paints  Laws of perspective: illusion of 3D  realistic

St. Gerome and St. John the Baptist; St. Paul

Sandro Botticelli, 65 (c )

Painting Later 15 th century, Florentine painters modified Masaccio’s style: Botticelli, da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo (the last 3 were from the High Renaissance) Later 15 th century, Florentine painters modified Masaccio’s style: Botticelli, da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo (the last 3 were from the High Renaissance)  Laws of perspective + the organization of outdoor space & light through geometry  The investigation of human movement & anatomy

Leonardo da Vinci, 67 ( ) Master of realistic painting (autopsies) Advocated stepping beyond realism into idealism To capture the perfection of nature and the human body

The Mona Lisa; The Last Supper

Rafaelli Sanzio a.k.a. Raphael, 37 ( ) Virgin Mary paintings Frescoes Tried to surpass human standards of beauty Harmony, balance and order

The Sistine Madonna; Madonna with the Book; The School of Athens

The School of Athens

Michelangelo Buonarotti, 89 ( ) Painter, sculptor architect Great passion & energy The ideal type of human being w/ perfect proportions = a reflection of divine beauty

The Last Judgment; Dome of St. Peters

Sculpture and Architecture In Florence: In Florence:  Donatello: statue of St. George  Filippo Brunelleschi: the church of San Lorenzo

Renaissance vs. Gothic Styles: The Cathedral of Notre Dame

Renaissance vs. Gothic Styles: The Church of San Lorenzo

The Northern Artistic Renaissance vs. Italian Renaissance In the Low Countries (esp. Flanders) vs. Northern Italy In the Low Countries (esp. Flanders) vs. Northern Italy Illustrations for books & wooden panels for altarpieces vs. wall paintings, i.e. frescoes Illustrations for books & wooden panels for altarpieces vs. wall paintings, i.e. frescoes Small-scale painting vs. large-scale painting Small-scale painting vs. large-scale painting But, BOTH realistic painting But, BOTH realistic painting

Jan van Eyck, 46 ( ) Flemish painter Flemish painter On of the first painters to use oil paint On of the first painters to use oil paint Wide variety of colors & fine details Wide variety of colors & fine details Imitated nature by observing it (not by using the laws of perspective) Imitated nature by observing it (not by using the laws of perspective)

Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride; Margaretha van Eyck

Albrecht Dürer, 57 ( ) Nuremberg, Germany Studied in Italy Used the laws of perspective Used details harmoniously Observed the human body & tried to achieve perfect beauty

Adoration of the Magi

Hare; Praying Hands

The End