Colonialism and Empire in India and China By:- Arnaut, Cristina Hussain, Nazia Pant, Suryansh Pivovarova, Darima Popa, Vlad Zhang, Mengyuan Zhang, Xiang

Portuguese Indian Coin 1799 Battle of Diu (1509) Trade In Spices Portuguese Indian Coin 1799 Flag and Coat of Arms Portugal Vasco da Gama Settlements

Henry IV Settlements Gold Coins for Trade French East India Company 1664 Flag and Coat of Arms France Fishing Boats on Coast Gold Coins for Trade

Boats arriving in Calcutta British East India Company Flag and Star of India Queen Elizabeth I Boats arriving in Calcutta  Trades: - cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, saltpetre, tea and opium Spice Trade: - to Compete with Dutch East India Company Cotton Indigo Salt Saltpetre Silk Tea Opium

Racism "You're superior to them, anyway. Don't forget that. You're superior to everyone in India except one or two of the Ranis, and they're on an equality.“ Besides trading opportunities for the British East India Company it also brought negative outcomes for the Natives.

Company rule in India Battle of Plassey- 1757 French were no longer a significant force in Bengal. Expanding English Empire in Asia. Nawabs became puppet rulers. Battle of Buxar-1764 Diwani rights (collect and manage the revenues of almost 400,000 km2 of real estate)  Rule of the East India Company in one-eighth of India

Anglo-Mysore Wars (1766-1799) defeat of Tipu Sultan Indirect control of Myssore

control of the majority of present-day India south of the Sutley River Anglo-Maratha Wars (1775-1818) control of the majority of present-day India south of the Sutley River

subjugation of the Sikh Empire Annexation of Punjab Anglo-Sikh Wars (1845-1849) subjugation of the Sikh Empire Annexation of Punjab

“Company Colonialism” Global Economic System (Specialization) Technological upgrade Trade flows

Company Rule in India (1757-1857) Mughal system: collection of taxes on land crops. Diwani was collected from peasants and zamindars on behalf of the Mughal emperor. East Indian Company was the one to claim the taxes after the Battle of Buxar.

Technology After 1837, post offices were established in main towns under the rule of British Indian Company. 1851 – first telegraph line laid in India, reaching by 1857 almost 7500 km. Railway construction began only in 1849. Bombay, Madras and Calcutta sheltered most of the “East Indiamen”.

Trade Between 1760-1860, India became from an exporter of processed goods to an exporter of raw materials and an importer of manufactured goods. U.S. played an important role in the demand for cloth from India! India became the main exporter of opium that would later be sent to China. Besides tarding the company was trying to establish a strong military army including native people. However, cultural differences and exploitation of poor soldiers resulted in revolt of 1857.

Rebellion 1857 British system of governance in India 1858

Colonial government tried to expand their influence through the legal modernization

Economy Economy grew with 1 % each year, but population also grew with 1 % each year -> no long-term change in per-capita income

Conclusion The evidence of the influence of the British Raj is still present in India. English remains one of the main official languages. Moreover, India is one of the largest English-speaking countries in the world. The positive aspect is that the colonial era gave rise to the aspirations towards democracy that are now integral to the life of the subcontinent's population. 

References Bentley, J. (2006). Traditions Encounters. A Global Perspective On The Past. McGraw Hill: New York. Darwin, J. (2008). After Tamerlane. The Global History of Empire since 1405. New York: Bloomsbury Press. Metcalf, Barbara Daly; Metcalf, Thomas R. (2006). A concise history of modern India. Cambridge University Press Peers, Douglas M. (2006). India under colonial rule: 1700-1885. Pearson Education Robb, Peter (2004). A History of India (Palgrave Essential Histories),. Houndmills, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Pp. xiv, 344 Mill, James; Wilson, Horace (1845). The History of British India Bulliet R., Crossley P. (2000) The Earth and Its People’s: A Global History. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boston, NY. Roberts, J. (1993) History of the World, Oxford University Press. NY.

Discussion Questions What tactics did the British Empire use to colonize India?