Program Title: Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) Expected behavior: Perform an automated solution using an API Laroussi ATTIA 1

What is an automated system ? General structure of an automated system Components of an automated system Internal architecture of PLCs Programming and loading the program Automated system: Advantages and limitations Integrated Automated System What is an automated system ? General structure of an automated system Components of an automated system Internal architecture of PLCs Programming and loading the program Automated system: Advantages and limitations Integrated Automated System Laroussi ATTIA 2

What is an automated system ? 3 An automated system is always made up of a control part and an operative part. To operate this system, the operator (person who will operate the system) will give instructions to the control part. This will translate these instructions into commands which will be executed by the operative part. Once completed orders, the operative part will report it to the control part (she makes a report) will in turn report to the operator. The operator can therefore say that the work has been done.

What is an automated system ? Railroad Crossing Coffee machine Fire crossroads Manufacturing unit 4

General structure of an automated system An industrial programmable logic controller (PLC) is a programmable electronic machine with a not-IT staff intended to accomplish in industrial environments, and "real time" functions of automation logic, combinational and sequential. 5 Control Part Operative part Human Machine Interface instructions Report Sensors Preactuator

Operative Part Components of an automated system Operative Part Actuator An actuator is constituent power that converts input energy into usable energy output for a defined physical action. Order: Logic (All or Nothing): Electric motor, actuator, solenoid... Analog: Their action is variable depending on the data set: speed drive, the regulating valves...… Definition The PO performs the work of material changes and thus produces added value 6

Operative Part Components of an automated system Operative Part 7 heater rotary actuator Fan 7 segment display Stepper Solenoid cylinder Lamp motor current content

Preactuator Components of an automated system Preactuator speed variator Relays and contactors pneumatic distributors 8

Sensors Components of an automated system Sensors 9 level sensor pushbutton Limit sensor ultrasonic sensor Photoelectric sensor

Components of an automated system Sensors: Types of transmitted signals LOGIC from binary information (presence YES = 1 or not NO = 0). This is the case of the all or nothing binary sensors Digital Incremental encoder whose rotation, on one or more steps, resulting in a series of pulses counted by an interface (controller) ANALOG the signal is a physical quantity proportional to Information (thermal greatness, power, strength, etc...). They provide a continuous value over time of the quantities detected in the form of a voltage or an electric current usually normalize (0-10V or 4-20 mA) 10

Components of an automated systemSensors LOGICDigitalAnalog Level sensorEncoderThermometer Limit switchThermocouple Shock sensorpressure sensor Photoelectric sensorweighing cell Capteur de proximitéflowmeter Bouton de commandeCapteur d’ammoniac Gas sensor 1 bit Between 10 et 16 bit  1 Word 0 : Not operate 1: Operate Variation: 0-10 V 4-20 mA 11

Composantes d’un système automatisé Control Part Definition The PC manages orderly actuators to achieve the desired effects from an operating model and various instructions The PC and PO information exchange among themselves:  Reports in the direction OP  PC  Orders in the direction PC  PO The PC and PO are permanant relationship with the environment (operator, table signs, desk...)  Human Machine Interface 12

Internal architecture of PLCs 13 power supply

Internal architecture of PLCs Case study: TSX PLC Monobloc 14

Internal architecture of PLCs CPU The microprocessor performs all the logic functions AND, OR, the time functions, counting, calculation... from a program stored in its memory. It is connected to other components (memory and I / O interface) by parallel connections called "BUS" that convey information in binary form. CPU Quantum Schneider CPU S7-300 Siemens 15

Internal architecture of PLCs Mémoires  The memory area will allow: 1.To receive the information from the input sensors 2.To receive the information generated by the processor and for the control outputs (value counters, timers,...) 3.Receive and keep the process of the program  Possible action on a memory: 1.WRITE to change the content of a program 2.CLEAR to remove information that is no longer needed 3.READ to read the contents of a program without changing the 16

Internal architecture of PLCs Mémoires  Technologie des mémoires : 1.RAM (Random Acces Memory): in which one can read, write and erase (contains the program) 2.ROM (Read Only Memory): Still accessible only by reading memory. 3.EPROM erased with ultraviolet rays. 4.E-EPROM reprogrammable electrical erase ROMs 17

Internal architecture of PLCs Cutting Memories 18

Internal architecture of PLCs Cutting Memories 19

Internal architecture of PLCs Input Interfaces Receive information from the sensors Processing the signal by keeping it in shape, eliminating noise and electrically insulating the control unit of the operating part. 20

Internal architecture of PLCs Output Interfaces Order pre-actuators and elements of system signals Adapt the voltage levels of the control unit to that of the operational part of the system by ensuring galvanic isolation between the latter 21

Internal architecture of PLCs Input / Output Interfaces SymboleDésignationExemple DI Digital Input Entrée Numérique 6ES BH01-0AA0 Module de 16 entrées TOR, 24V, par groupes de 16 Référence fabriquant (siemens) 16 entrées logiques DO Digital Output Sortie Numérique 6ES EL00-0AA0 Module de 32 sorties TOR, 120 V c.a./1 A, par groupes de 8 Référence fabriquant (siemens) 32 sorties logiques AI Analogique Input Entrée Analogique 6ES KB81-0AB0 Module de 2 entrées analogiques, bits, pour conditions climatiques élargies Référence fabriquant (siemens) 2 entrées Analogiques AO Analogique Output Sortie Analogique 6ES HF00-0AB0 Module de sorties analogiques AO8/12Bit Référence fabriquant (siemens) 8 Sorties Analogiques 22

Automate Siemens S7-300 HMI Humain Machine Interface Specifications API  Number of I / O and type (Discrete, Analog...)  Memory capacity (4K, 8K, 32K, 1M...)  Type of Memory (RAM, PROM, REPROM, EEPROM...)  Monobloc or Modular.  Number of counters and timers  Addressing and operation on bits Quantitative characteristics Nano Automate 10 à 20 E / S Micro Automate < 200 E / S Average configuration 100 < E / S < 500 Big configuration E / S > 500 Siemens Logo Siemens S7-200 Siemens S7-300 Siemens S7-400 Internal architecture of PLCs (PLC Siemens) 23

Internal architecture of PLCs (PLC Siemens) The 6 best performing class CPU S

Programming and program loading The PLC programming requires: 1- A PC or console 2- A specific programming software for each brand / Range 3- A program loader MarqueGammeLogicielChargeur de programme SiemensS5STEP5S5 PC-TTY SiemensS7-300 S7-400 STEP7PC Adapter MPI SiemensS7200Micro-WinPC Adapter PPI SchneiderTSX Premium(57),TSX Micro(37),TSX Nano(07),TSX Naza(08) PL7-ProTSXPCX

Siemens Programme loader PC Adapter MPI CP5512 pour carte PCMCIA PC Adapter PPI S5 PC-TTY 26

Automated system: Advantage and Limits LimitsAdvantage CostSecurityTimesustainabilityCostMorals 27

Automated Integrated System 28

Automated Integrated System 29

Thank you for your attention 30