Elastic Potential Energy: More Practice
Conservation of Mechanical Energy: Learning Goal The student will investigate a simple energy transformation, explain the energy input and output, and calculate the efficiency. (E2.5)
Conservation of Mechanical Energy SPH4C
Starting with Gravitational Potential An object of mass 3.0 kg is suspended at a height of 12 m above the ground. Calculate its gravitational potential energy.
Starting with Gravitational Potential An object of mass 3.0 kg is suspended at a height of 12 m above the ground. Calculate its gravitational potential energy.
Starting with Gravitational Potential An object of mass 3.0 kg is suspended at a height of 12 m above the ground. Calculate its gravitational potential energy.
Starting with Gravitational Potential An object of mass 3.0 kg is suspended at a height of 12 m above the ground. Calculate its gravitational potential energy.
Starting with Gravitational Potential An object of mass 3.0 kg is suspended at a height of 12 m above the ground. Calculate its kinetic energy.
Starting with Gravitational Potential An object of mass 3.0 kg is suspended at a height of 12 m above the ground. Calculate its kinetic energy. v = 0 so E k = 0
The Object is Released The object is released and hits the ground at a speed of 15.3 m/s. What is its kinetic energy when it hits the ground?
The Object is Released The object is released and hits the ground at a speed of 15.3 m/s. What is its kinetic energy when it hits the ground?
The Object is Released The object is released and hits the ground at a speed of 15.3 m/s. What is its kinetic energy when it hits the ground?
The Object is Released The object is released and hits the ground at a speed of 15.3 m/s. What is its kinetic energy when it hits the ground?
And Now We Have Kinetic Energy Calculate the gravitational potential energy of the object when it hits the ground.
And Now We Have Kinetic Energy Calculate the gravitational potential energy of the object when it hits the ground. h = 0 so E g = 0
And Now We Have Kinetic Energy Our energy has been entirely transformed from gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy.
And Now We Have Kinetic Energy Our energy has been entirely transformed from gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy. But the total mechanical energy of the object (potential energy + kinetic energy) has not changed.
Conservational of Mechanical Energy In general, if no work is being done on an object by an outside force, the total mechanical energy of the system will remain constant:
In Real Life Note that in real life, energy is never transformed with 100% efficiency: a ball dropped from a given height will never bounce back up to that same height. Some energy is always “lost” as heat energy or sound energy because of friction. However, just as we often neglect friction, we will often neglect these losses.
Efficiency Efficiency is the ratio of useful energy or work output to the total energy or work input:
Efficiency Efficiency is the ratio of useful energy or work output to the total energy or work input (written as a percent):
Efficiency Example 1 A model rocket engine contains explosives storing 3500 J of chemical potential energy. Calculate how efficiently the rocket transforms stored chemical energy into gravitational potential energy if the 0.50 kg rocket is propelled to a height of 1.0 x 10 2 m.
Efficiency Example 1 A model rocket engine contains explosives storing 3500 J of chemical potential energy. Calculate how efficiently the rocket transforms stored chemical energy into gravitational potential energy if the 0.50 kg rocket is propelled to a height of 1.0 x 10 2 m.
Efficiency Example 1 A model rocket engine contains explosives storing 3500 J of chemical potential energy. Calculate how efficiently the rocket transforms stored chemical energy into gravitational potential energy if the 0.50 kg rocket is propelled to a height of 1.0 x 10 2 m.
Efficiency Example 1 A model rocket engine contains explosives storing 3500 J of chemical potential energy. Calculate how efficiently the rocket transforms stored chemical energy into gravitational potential energy if the 0.50 kg rocket is propelled to a height of 1.0 x 10 2 m.
Efficiency Example 1 A model rocket engine contains explosives storing 3500 J of chemical potential energy. Calculate how efficiently the rocket transforms stored chemical energy into gravitational potential energy if the 0.50 kg rocket is propelled to a height of 1.0 x 10 2 m.
Efficiency, alternately Efficiency is also the ratio of useful power output to the power input:
Efficiency Example 2 A 120-W motor accelerates a 5.0-kg mass from rest to a speed of 4.0 m/s in 2.0 s. Calculate the motor’s efficiency.
Efficiency Example 2 A 120-W motor accelerates a 5.0-kg mass from rest to a speed of 4.0 m/s in 2.0 s. Calculate the motor’s efficiency.
Efficiency Example 2 A 120-W motor accelerates a 5.0-kg mass from rest to a speed of 4.0 m/s in 2.0 s. Calculate the motor’s efficiency.
Efficiency Example 2 A 120-W motor accelerates a 5.0-kg mass from rest to a speed of 4.0 m/s in 2.0 s. Calculate the motor’s efficiency.
Efficiency Example 2 A 120-W motor accelerates a 5.0-kg mass from rest to a speed of 4.0 m/s in 2.0 s. Calculate the motor’s efficiency.
More Practice Conservation of Energy Lab Activity For Wednesday: Roller Coaster Construction!