 New Energy for America plan Help create five million new jobs by strategically investing $150 billion over the next ten years to catalyze private efforts to build a clean energy future Within 10 years save more oil than we currently import from the Middle East and Venezuela combined Put 1 million Plug-In Hybrid cars – cars that can get up to 150 miles per gallon – on the road by 2015, cars that we will work to make sure are built here in America Ensure 10 percent of our electricity comes from renewable sources by 2012, and 25 percent by 2025 Implement an economy-wide cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80 percent by

 Provide Short-term Relief to American Families Crack Down on Excessive Energy Speculation Swap Oil from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve to Cut Prices

 Eliminate Our Current Imports from the Middle East and Venezuela within 10 Years Increase Fuel Economy Standards. Get 1 Million Plug-In Hybrid Cars on the Road by 2015 Create a New $7,000 Tax Credit for Purchasing Advanced Vehicles Establish a National Low Carbon Fuel Standard A “Use it or Lose It” Approach to Existing Oil and Gas Leases Promote the Responsible Domestic Production of Oil and Natural Gas

 Create Millions of New Green Jobs Ensure 10 percent of Our Electricity Comes from Renewable Sources by 2012, and 25 percent by 2025 Deploy the Cheapest, Cleanest, Fastest Energy Source – Energy Efficiency Weatherize One Million Homes Annually Develop and Deploy Clean Coal Technology Prioritize the Construction of the Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline

 Reduce our Greenhouse Gas Emissions 80 Percent by 2050 Implement an economy-wide cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80 percent by 2050 Make the U.S. a Leader on Climate Change

National Research Council (2008) America’s Energy Future

 Energy is one of the biggest consumer of water  Water use efficiency (Virginia Tech Study, 2008) Natural gas 3 gallons/million BTU Coal 41 to 464 gallons/million BTU Liquid natural gas 145 gallons/million BTU Nuclear 2,400 to 5,600 gallons/million BTU Ethanol 2,500 to 29,100 gallons/million BTU Biodiesel 14,000 to 75,000 gallons/million BTU  Biofuels – an irony when it comes to water Currently 2% irrigated water used for energy crops

National Research Council (2008) America’s Energy Future

 Oil supplies 1/3 of world’s energy needs  Demand increasing Rapidly developing countries – China, India  World is not yet running out of oil, but the age of cheap oil is over Look for more oil Use or waste less Use something else

 US is the largest oil user Lifestyle and economy based on access to ample oil supply 2.9% of proven oil reserve  US supply along the Gulf Risks of hurricanes – increasing intensity  Middle East Most of world’s discovered and undiscovered reserves  1/4 of world’s oil is controlled by states that sponsor or condone terrorism US is fighting a war on terrorism Funding the enemy by buying oil

 Alaska  Geologist argue that it contains a very small fraction of US oil needs  1 in 5 chance of finding oil there  Alaska support the exploration State uses oil revenue to finance its budget  Degradation of a pristine and ecologically vulnerable ecosystem  Improving efficiency is a much faster, cheaper, cleaner, and more secure way to increase future oil supplies

 Burning oil generates CO 2  Gasoline accounts to 43% of global CO 2 emissions  Global warming  Effect of climate change Health Ecology and biodiversity Water availability

 Russia and Iran have almost half of world’s reserves years  US has only 3% of world’s proven reserve  Natural gas pipelines can distribute between countries Do not cross oceans Converting gas to liquid form reduces net energy  Clean burning fuel Produces CO 2 when burned Produces methane if leaked Greenhouse gases

 Coal generate 62% of world’s electricity  Supplies may last 217-1,125 years  US has 27% of proven coal reserves  In 2005 China and US accounted for 53% of global consumption  A new coal burning plant open every 10 days in China China has 300 years of reserves  Half of India’s energy is from coal

 Not as versatile as oil and natural gas  Much higher environmental impact  Releases much more CO 2  Single biggest air polluter in the US, China, and India Air pollution kills 23,500 people in the US 38,200 non-fatal heart attacks 554,0100 asthma attacks  Several billion of property damage every year  Responsible for ¼ of atmospheric pollution

 Synfuel Synthetic natural gal from coal gasification Requires 50% more coal = 50% more CO 2  CO 2 removal from plant emissions Produces hydrogen as byproduct Can be used to fuel nonpolluting cars  Cost of such technology is high  Little incentive to build such plant CO 2 is not regulated as an air pollutant

 Accounts for 20% of energy in the US  Relatively low environmental impact  High cost  Facilities vulnerable to terrorist attack  No nuclear power plant constructed in the US in the last 30 years  Will increasing the number of nuclear power plants lessen our dependence on imported oil?

 Challenges Not technology, but policy and financing  Radioactive waste must be stored safely for thousands of years Yucca Mountain nuclear repository Rejected in 2009 Does this threaten the expansion of nuclear projects?  If nuclear power is to provide a considerable portion of the future U.S. electrical power, “we would have to have eight Yucca Mountains by the end of this century in order to store the spent fuel.” National Research Council (2008) America’s Energy Future

The world is not running out of energy resources, but there are accumulating risks to continuing expansion of oil and natural gas production from the conventional sources relied upon historically. These risks create significant challenges to meeting projected energy demand. National Research Council (2008) America’s Energy Future National Petroleum Council (2007)