Page 108 March 21, 2012 Focus: Energy is not made or destroyed Objective: describe how energy is transferred, study the different types of energy transfer EQ: How is energy transferred? HW: refer to homework sheet Warm-Up: Molecule Movement / Phases Complete first part of note sheet

Thermal energy always moves from warmer to cooler objects. Heat is the result of molecules vibrating quickly. Heat is moving energy.

The Nature of Heat Heat moves in only one direction: Heat energy will ALWAYS flow the warmer object to the cooler object. Heat energy will flow from one substance to another until the two substances have the same temperature = equilibrium

The Nature of Heat Heat moves in only one direction: HIGH ENERGY LOW ENERGY HOT COLD

Place your HAND on your desk 1. Does the desk feel HOT or COLD? 2. Which do you think has MORE energy, your hand or the desk? 3. Where do you think the energy will move to? (HINT: Will it move from the desk to your hand OR from your hand to the desk?) 4. How do you know when equilibrium is reached? 5. When will energy stop moving?

The water is 25°C and the magnet is 55°C. a.How will energy move? b. How will the temperatures of the water and magnet change? c. When will energy stop moving and how will you know? Energy will move from the Hot magnet to the Cold water. The magnet will get colder and the water will got hotter. Energy will stop moving when the magnet and water have reached equilibrium. You will know they are at equilibrium when they are the same temperature.

If you put a hot lasagna into a cooler, would “cold” transfer from the cooler to the lasagna, or would “hot” transfer from the lasagna to the cooler? Hmmmm….

You make a lasagna to take to a dinner. You put the hot lasagna in a cold cooler a.How will energy move? b. How will the temperatures of the lasagna and cooler change? c. When will energy stop moving and how will you know? Energy will move from the Hot lasagna to the Cold cooler. The lasagna will get colder and the cooler will got hotter. Energy will stop moving when the lasagna and cooler have reached equilibrium. You will know they are at equilibrium when they are the same temperature.

Why does the lasagna get cold in the cooler? Because the HOT lasagna gives its energy to the COLD cooler (energy moves from hot-> cold), making the lasagna cool down until both reach EQUILIBRIUM!

Here is how it works: Heat Energy is what makes the lasagna hot.Heat Energy Since the inside of cooler has a lower temperature than the lasagna, heat energy travels from the lasagna to the cooler. HIGH ENERGY LOW ENERGY HOT COLD

1. In which direction is energy flowing? 2. When will energy stop flowing? 3. What will happen to the temperatures of the water in Beaker A and Beaker B? 4. Based on the picture above, approximately what temperature will equilibrium be? 93°C 42°C Metal Bar From Beaker A (HOT) to the Metal Bar to Beaker B (COLD) When equilibrium is reached (all 3 are the same temp.) Beaker A will cool down and Beaker B will warm up. B. Between 42C and 93C.

5. How will you know when equilibrium is reached? 6. After 40 minutes, equilibrium is established. The temperature of Beaker A is 60°C. What must be the temperature of Beaker B? 7. What best describes what is happening to Beaker A? 93°C 42°C Metal Bar When Beaker A, the Metal Bar, and Beaker B are the same temperature. Beaker B must be the same temperature as Beaker A: 60°C Beaker A releases energy and becomes colder

If you put a hot cup of coffee into a refrigerator, would “cold” transfer from the fridge to the coffee, or would “hot” transfer from the coffee to the fridge? Hmmmm….

Here is how it works: Heat Energy is what makes the coffee hot.Heat Energy Since the inside of refrigerator has a lower temperature than the coffee, heat energy travels from the coffee to the refrigerator. HIGH ENERGY LOW ENERGY HOT COLD

Page 110 March 22, 2012 Focus: Energy is not made or destroyed, the Law of Conservation of Energy Objective: conclude analysis of how energy is transferred, EQ: What are the similarities and differences between radiation, conduction, and convection? HW: refer to homework sheet Warm-Up: Science Writing (pick a card quietly from the table beneath the flag)

Heat Transfer Heat transfer is the movement of thermal energy from a warmer item to a cooler item. Remember, heat moves in predictable ways, from a high to a low.

Now that we know which way heat energy travels (from hot to cold), how does it actually travel? There are three types of heat transfer: CONDUCTION CONVECTION RADIATION

Conduction Conduction is heat transfer through solids. Examples: Your feet transfer (conduct) heat to a cold tile floor A spoon placed in hot soup becomes warmer as the spoon conducts heat away from the hot soup

Conduction examples

Convection Convection occurs in fluids A fluid is defined as a liquid or gas because fluids have the ability to flow from one place to another Solids, however, maintain their position

Convection and Earth Science Connection

Radiation Question: If conduction deals with solids and convection deals with liquids, how does heat arrive to Earth from the Sun? There is very little matter in between the Earth and Sun.

Radiation Diagram

The transfer of heat by direct contact between objects or particles. water heating on an electric stove hot sand touching your feet touching a stove and being burned ice cooling down your hand Start filling in your notes

Heat transferred by the movement of liquid or gas from warmer areas to cooler areas. Example: Wind, boiling water Convection also produces CURRENTS. –Remember convection currents

Transfer of energy between two objects that are NOT touching. EXAMPLES: The sun’s rays causing a sunburn. heat from toaster heat from a light bulb heat from a fire

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Q.) When you put a teapot on the stove to boil water, which of the three kinds of heat transfer can be observed?

A.) Actually, all three!

Conduction, Convection, or Radiation hot water rises and cold water sinks a spoon in a cup of hot soup becomes warmer heat from a light bulb

Conduction, Convection, or Radiation microwave oven frying chicken strips boiling potatoes in water Think, Write, Pair, Share

Mac and Cheese 1.I microwaved some macaroni and cheese. What type of heat transfer is this? 2.When I bite into the macaroni and cheese, it burns my tongue. What type of heat transfer is this? 3. There is steam rising from the macaroni and cheese, which warms my face. What type of heat transfer is this? The energy transfer is RADIATION from the microwave. The energy transfer is CONDUCTION. The energy transfer is CONVECTION.

4. Ms. McCallister is making some soup. She puts a spoon into the boiling soup and the spoon gets hot. Then, she touches the spoon, and it feels hot on her hand. Describe the sequence of thermal energy transfers in this situation (Hint: there are 2 transfers). The energy transfer is from the boiling soup to the spoon is CONDUCTION. The energy transfer is from the spoon to the hand is CONDUCTION.

5. Ms. Lappin’s car has been sitting in the sun all day long. The sun is heating the car, and the hot air inside the car is warming up the metal seat belt. When she grabs the seat belt, it burns her hand. Describe the 3 types of thermal energy transfers that have occurred. The energy transfer from the SUN to the CAR is RADIATION. The energy transfer from the AIR IN THE CAR to the SEAT BELT is CONVECTION. The energy transfer from the SEAT BELT to the HAND is CONDUCTION.

6. Ms. Holt is boiling water for her English tea. When she picks up the kettle, the kettle burns her hands. Then Ms. Holt pours the water in the cup, and the hot water warms the cup. The steam rises from the water and fogs her glasses. List and describe the 4 types of thermal energy transfers that have occurred. The energy transfer from the WATER to the KETTLE is CONVECTION. The energy transfer is from the KETTLE to the HAND is CONDUCTION. The energy transfer is from the WATER to the CUP is CONVECTION. The energy transfer is from the WATER to the GLASSES is CONVECTION.

Create your own scenario with the three types of heat energy transfer. Use the following 8 words when you create your sequence of transfers. ConvectionConduction Radiation BeachSun Water Sand Touch

Read pgs B50 – B55 Define these words: conduction, conductors, insulators, convection, radiation Answer: 1.What are the three ways in which energy can be transferred? Give an example of each 2.How is radiation different? 3.Draw a diagram showing convection in a pot of water that is being warmed on a stove.

Types of Energy Transfer Conduction ConvectionRadiation

2.3 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. conductor conduction insulator convection radiation Different materials are used to control the transfer of energy. Energy can be transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation. Types of Energy Transfer Continues until object temperatures are equal Conduction Energy transferred by direct contact Energy flows directly from warmer object to cooler object Can occur within one object Cycle occurs while temperature differences exist Convection Occurs in gases and liquids Movement of large number of particles in same direction Occurs due to difference in density Can transfer energy through empty space Radiation Energy transferred by electromagnetic waves such as light, microwaves, and infrared radiation All objects radiate energy

Homework Questions Write answers on page 114: 1.If you put a cup of hot chocolate into a refrigerator, would “cold” transfer from the fridge to the hot chocolate, or would “hot” transfer from the hot chocolate to the fridge? Explain. 2.During the summer as you walk along the hot sand you get a sun burn. What are the two types of heat transfer?

Radiation Key Point:For radiation to be felt as heat it must first be absorbed by a material. Example:Why do blue jeans feel hotter in the sun than a yellow shirt, even though they are both exposed to the same amount of sunlight? –The blue jean fabric absorbs more radiant energy from the sun than the yellow shirt because of its dark color.

Conduction Example: A metal spoon in a pot of water being heated on an electric stove. a.First, the electrical energy is converted to thermal energy by the stove. b.The rapidly vibrating particles of the hot electric coil collide with the particles of the cool pot. c.Heat energy is transferred, causing the particles in the pot to vibrate faster.

Conduction d.The rapidly vibrating particles of the pot now collide with the particles of the water at the bottom of the pot. e.The water particles absorb energy and vibrate and flow more rapidly and its temperature increases. f.Now, the energetic (hot) particles of water collide with the particles of the submerged end of the spoon. g.As the particles of the spoon absorb energy and vibrate more rapidly. The temperature of the spoon increases.

Conduction h.As the particles at this end of the spoon absorb energy and vibrate faster they collide with other particles in the spoon. As they collide, energy is transferred to the other particles (similar to momentum) and they begin to vibrate more rapidly. i.This process of conduction is repeated all along the metal spoon until the entire metal spoon becomes hot.

Convection Convection: the transfer of thermal energy (heat) through the bulk movement of matter. –Convection occurs in FLUIDS (liquids and gases). –Convection produces CURRENTS in both gases and liquids. –Thermal Energy heat is carried by the particles as they move from one location to another.

Convection Example: Heating water: a.When the water at the bottom of the pot (nearest the burner) is heated, the particles absorb energy by conduction as they touch the hot pot. b.The water particles vibrate more rapidly. c.The particles also move farther apart and the hot water becomes less dense than the surrounding cool water. d.This causes the heated (hot) water to rise.