Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Commercial Buildings l Buildings can make people sick l Sick people are not productive l Sick people do not renew their lease l Sick people sue everybody

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Commercial IAQ Facts A failure to provide a healthy indoor environment may result in the owner falling below the (OSHA) standard of care, i.e., being found negligent. In order to be protected from a successful negligence claim, the owner/builder must make sure that indoor air quality issues are taken into consideration in both the design and construction of the building. During the life of the building the owner, as well as the facilities manager, is responsible for the proper maintenance of the building. A manager’s failure to take precautions to provide good air quality to tenants may expose the manager to serious claims of negligence.

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 HVAC Equipment Rooms We’ve Seen (Not Yours!) Room B06 – Equipment and debris on the floor

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 SBS Suits l Negligence n OSHA n ASHRAE Standards l Strict Product Liability n Fear of Cancer n Punitive Damages l Breach of Contract n Warranty n Fraud and Misrepresentation l Americans With Disabilities Act n Prohibits Discrimination n Multiple Chemical Sensitivity l Landlord / Tenant n Breach of Lease n Constructive Eviction

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Office Areas We’ve Seen Room Microbe growth on chilled water pipe Closet 101A - Damage to wallboard from previous water damage

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Sizes of Specific Indoor Contaminants Electron MicroscopeMicroscopeNaked Eye Bacteria Viruses Tobacco Smoke Plant Spores Cooking Smoke / Grease DanderHair Dust Fertilizer Insecticide Dust Coal Dust

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Size Distribution of Atmospheric Dust Sample Source: University of Minnesota 30 micron 10 micron 5.0 micron 3.0 micron 1.0 micron <1.0 micron Percent by Particle Count 0.005% 0.175% 0.25% 1.07% 98.5%

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Typical Particle Exposure Dust Tobacco smoke Dust Mite Feces Droplet Nuclei Bacteria Fungal Spores / Pollen Animal Dander

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Deposition of Inhaled Particles In Human Respiratory System Aerodynamic Diameter (micron)Likely Region of Deposit > 9.0Filtered by nose 6.0 to 9.0Deposited in Pharynx 4.6 to 6.0 Deposited in Trachea / Primary Bronchi 3.3 to 4.6Deposited in Secondary Bronchi 2.15 to 3.3Deposited in Terminal Bronchi 0.41 to 2.15Deposited in the Alveoli < 0.41May be exhaled * Ultrafine particles may be removed by diffusion mechanism Soure: Research Triangle Institute

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Indoor Air l Two Major Factors: n Cleaner Air = Good Health n Good Health = Higher Productivity

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Cleanroom1 per liter Arctic10,000 per liter Ocean100,000 per liter Rural1 Million per liter City100 Million per liter Highway1 Billion per liter Tobacco Smoke100 Billion per liter Health Benefit of Clean Air Numbers of Particles

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Droplet Nuclei Produced by Infected Persons MERV 11 90% MERV 7 60%

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Asthma Mortality Oil embargo First reported cases of Indoor Air Quality problems Source: American Lung Association

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Tuberculosis (TB)

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Productivity Productivity and Clean Air

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Estimated Median Changes in Productivity by Cause 95% Confidence Interval for Median Percentage Change

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Costs Heating and Cooling$2.00 / sq foot Other$11.00 / sq foot Wages and Salary$20.00 / sq foot

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 European Standard of Care Provides optimum performance on particles most associated with maladies effecting humans in standard HVAC controlled environments MERV 13

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 The Best Way l Increase building air filtration efficiencies to the maximum the system will allow =>MERV 11(Contact a NAFA Certified Air Filter Specialist) If a building occupant believes that management is acting expeditiously and intelligently to resolve serious air quality problems, then the likelihood of litigation will be greatly reduced.

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 What the Experts Say All HVAC Systems Are Concerned With Quantity, NOT Quality. Ole Fanger, Denmark

Copyright National Air Filtration Association 2006 Rev. 2 Summary l Understand the implications of poor building IAQ: n Increased Health Costs n Increased Absenteeism n Productivity Loss n Realize All the Costs l Provide Best Possible Air Filtration: n MERV 11 or greater for contaminant removal