Energy and Sustainable Development SS 2011 Margit Baier Bianca Köck Maria Spanring

China’s ambitions China & Electric Cars China & Rare Resources Electric Cars – Today Future of Electric Cars Pros & Cons

Extreme growth of population, economy and wealth rising need and demand for mobility need for more and more energy! Today: 70 % of energy from coal  environmental problems!

New energy-infrastructure Nuclear-stations Increase also renewable energy China’s government wants: energy consumption per capita -20% BUT: per capita income from $ to $

Reduction of CO2 –Emissions Reduce old coal-fired stations Development of electric vehicles China’s resources Best requirements to get the leader in the development of electric cars Biggest resources of rare-earth Used for the electric motors Used for the battery in electric cars

Government wants position of market leadership Investments of about € 11,7 billion For each e-car sold: € subsidy !!! Big research: BYD 250 km per charge monthly savings of 788 € charge takes only 20 minutes

Advantages of China: Key skills concerning e-cars in Asia Raw materials for battery production in China available Cheap production possible (salaries, production sites, …) Expert knowledge

Critical Materials Metals which are used in manufacturing wind turbines, electric vehicles, solar cells and energy-efficient lighting China produces 95% of the world supply China cut back the export rate dramatically China has an enormous demand Growth of the high-tech industry World wide: Car industry needs the rare - earth

Extremely big market of electric cars Electric cars are the future! Market leader in electric cars and hybrid cars Enormous subventions from the government Many big researches: Electric cars as taxi Electric bus Testing the batteries for kilometers an load volume

Wide range of different motor types Every big car producer: electric car projects discussion about Climate Change and Emissions spotlight the electric car as a solution for rising needs for mobility Especially fast growing economies and populations !!! CHINA in the Focus

global growth of personal wealth and population  rise in need for mobility  environmentally friendly alternatives inevitable !!! very good alternative : E-CARS!!! in combination with new energy systems and smart grids (V2G) big potentials!!! China’s government initiative promoting electric cars  spread of e-mobility in China nearly guaranteed

 Much higher efficiency compared to combustion engines (up to 90 % ) Efficiency just ~ 25 %

 No emissions during operation  Possibility for renewable electricity production  Big potential to change energy system!!  Especially in combination with “Vehicle to Grid”- Systems (V2G)

 Higher Prices  Knowledge deficits of mechanics & garage density  Limited Range (only up to 240 km)  Additional weight through batteries  Long recharging time  Outsourcing of negative effects (!!!)  Not (yet) available infrastructure: specific parking lots for each car needed!