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Past FDA Approvals in Colorectal Cancer Amna Ibrahim M.D DODP, FDA
Outline of Presentation Drugs approved for colon cancer (adjuvant, first-line and second-line therapy) Studies supporting drug approval Drugs discussed at ODAC without subsequent drug approval Endpoints supporting approval
Agents Approved AdjuvantFirst-LineRecurrent -Levamisole (with 5FU) Leucovorin (with 5FU) Irinotecan 1996,1998 -Irinotecan (with 5FU/LV) Oxaliplatin (with 5FU/LV) Capecitabine 2001
Historical Endpoints for Approved Agents OS TTP & RR Superiority Noninferiority
Agents for Adjuvant Therapy
Levamisole (Adjuvant Rx) ArmsNFollow up (Yrs) Reduction in Recurrence % Reduction in Death % Study 1 Duke C Subset 5FU+lev lev28 Observe Study 25FU+lev lev26 Observe
Agents for First-line Therapy
5FU+leucovorin (First-line Rx) StudyArmsNRR % TTP mo OS mo P (one-sided) 15FU FU+LV(HD) FU+LV(LD) (Study 1 ext) 5FU+LV(HD) FU+LV(LD) FU+MTX+LV
Irinotecan (First-line Rx) StudyArmsNRRTTPOSP (one-sided) 1CPT 11 wkly x 4 (q 6 wks) CPT11 + 5FU/LV wkly x 4 (q 6 wks) <0.05 5FU/LV qd x 5 (q 6 wks) CPT11 + inf 5FU/LV <0.05 5FU/LV
Capecitabine (First-line Rx) StudyArmsNRR (%) TTP (mo.) OS (mo.) Hazard ratio 1Cap – FU/LV Cap – FU/LV
Agents for Recurrent Cancer
Irinotecan (Recurrent) (accelerated approval) StudyArmsNRR (%) TTP (mo.) OS (mo.) Med Resp Duration 1Wkly CPT mo. ( ) 2Wkly CPT Wkly CPT mg/m Wkly CPT mg/m
Irinotecan (Recurrent) (full reg. approval) StudyArmsNOS (mo.) p 1CPT Best Supportive Care CPT FU-based regimens
Oxaliplatin (Recurrent) (accelerated approval) StudyArmsNRR (%) TTP (mo. with 95% CI) P for RR 1Oxaliplatin + 5FU/LV (FOLFOX4) (4.2 – 6.1) FU + LV ( ) Oxaliplatin ( )
NDAs Discussed at ODAC but not Approved Issues at ODAC UFT - contribution of uracil to UFT -analysis and interpretation of non-inferiority Oxaliplatin (2000) -trials designed for RR & PFS did not demonstrate OS improvement
Basis of Approval Adjuvant Therapy (1 full approval) Superiority in Survival (1) First-line Therapy (3 full approvals) Superiority in Survival (2) Non-inferiority in Survival (1) Therapy for Recurrent Disease (2 AA; 1 full approval) Survival (1 full for CPT-11) RR and/or TTP (1 AA for oxal, 1 for CPT-11)
Oxaliplatin for first-line therapy (2000)