Alternative Transportation Fuels R&D Programs in the USA APEC 19 th EGNRET Meeting March 5, 2002 Jean Ku National Renewable Energy Lab, USA

National Security Key U.S. Objectives for Transportation Programs: Healthy Environment Economic Viability

Alternative Transportation Fuels Are at the Intersection of Key Objectives National Security Healthy Environment Economic Viability Alternative Fuels

Alternative Transportation Fuels are a Component of Integrated R&D and Implementation Programs Emission Controls Fuels Engine Combustion Vehicle Design, Batteries and Storage Systems Infrastructure, Marketplace Partnership between industry suppliers, truck/auto manufacturers, energy companies, and national labs

Government/Industry Collaborative R&D Engine Manufacturers/ Emission Control Manufacturers Caterpillar, Cummins, Detroit Diesel, Navistar, Deere, Johnson Matthey, Englehard Fuels/Feedstock Producers ARCO BP/Amoco Exxon/Mobil Shell Natural Gas Industry DOE/OTT/OHVT Interest Reduced oil consumption Reduced emissions Industrial competitiveness Technology development Truck Manufacturers and Users Freightliner PACCAR/Peterbilt Kenworth Mack Navistar ATA DOE/OHVT and Industry Customer Groups Target Common Interests

Alternative Transportation Fuels and Technologies Biodiesel Ethanol Natural Gas HEV Hydrogen Fuel Cells Methanol Propane P-Series Electricity Batteries Advanced Materials

Biodiesel R&D Strategy: address NOx emissions Feedstock: produced from soybeans or waste grease Cost: approaching petroleum Market: new EPA rules on S content Research: NOx-reducing additives, bio-algae to lipids

Ethanol R&D Strategy: reduce cost of production Feedstock: corn Cost: cheaper than MTBE, more costly than gasoline Market: may grow significantly due to CA phase out of the use of MTBE as an oxygenate. Research: feedstock development, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, genetic engineering, increasing yield from corn, Process Development Unit

Compressed Natural Gas R&D Strategy: address energy density issue and infrastructure requirements Feedstock: not renewable Cost: competitive in niche markets Market: excellent for centrally re-fueled fleets

Fuels Utilization Program Evaluating Advanced Fuels and Lubricants Developing and Testing Advanced Technology Vehicles Researching Environmental Science and Health Effects Supporting the Deployment of Advanced Vehicle Technologies NREL conducts the Fuels Utilization Program, a nationwide endeavor to test and develop alternative and advanced petroleum fuels. Our team of experts evaluates the performance and emissions of light-, medium-, and heavy-duty advanced technology and alternative fuel vehicles and provides related information resources.

Vehicle Auxiliary Loads Reduction Battery Thermal Management Vehicle Systems Analysis Hybrid Electric Vehicle Program Big 3 Partnership (55 mpg, mid-size vehicle) GM Ford DaimlerChrysler ADVISORDigital Functional Vehicle

Battery Thermal Management Our battery experts analyze vehicle battery thermal management systems to improve battery performance, life, and safety By using thermal analysis and laboratory testing, our team helps battery suppliers and auto manufacturers improve module and pack designs

Fabrication and Vehicle Testing Solar Radiation Modeling Advanced HVAC Systems Thermal Comfort Prediction Glazing R&D Cabin Modeling Vehicle Auxiliary Loads Reduction: “Cool Car R&D” The “Cool Car” project aims to reduce auxiliary loads while maintaining thermal comfort. Engineers evaluate the impact of advanced window glazings; cooling heat-pipe systems; parked car ventilation; heated, cooled, and ventilated seats; and direct energy recovery and adsorption cooling systems. We’re also developing a life-size thermal manikin to evaluate passenger comfort using advanced climate control concepts.

Public-Private Partnerships in Alternative Fuels and Technology I Biomass Research and Development Initiative Facilitating technological advances that will foster an integrated and competitive bio- industryBiomass Research and Development Initiative California Fuel Cell Partnership Advancing a new automobile technology that could move the world toward practical and affordable environmental solutionsCalifornia Fuel Cell Partnership Clean Cities International Expanding the successful U.S. Clean Cities program to interested countries around the globeClean Cities International Clean Cities Program Encouraging the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) and their supporting infrastructure throughout the nationClean Cities Program Cooperative Automotive Research for Advanced Technology (CARAT) Program Funding small businesses, colleges, and universities to help overcome automotive technology barriersCooperative Automotive Research for Advanced Technology (CARAT) Program Federal Alt. Fuel Vehicle USER Program Supporting the expansion of alternative fuel infrastructure by concentrating large quantities of federal alternative fuel vehicles in selected cities and increasing the use of alternative fuelsFederal Alt. Fuel Vehicle USER Program

Public-Private Partnerships in Alternative Fuels and Technology II Field Operations Program Providing unbiased information about alternative fuel and advanced transportation technologiesField Operations Program Next Generation of Natural Gas Vehicles Program Offering a crucial solution to the nation's increasing need for high-quality, advanced medium- and heavy-duty natural gas vehiclesNext Generation of Natural Gas Vehicles Program Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles Developing environmentally friendly cars with up to triple the fuel efficiency of today's midsize cars.Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles Regional Biomass Energy Program Increasing the production and use of bioenergy resources and advancing the use of biomass feedstocks and technologiesRegional Biomass Energy Program U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium Working to produce advanced batteries that can help make electric vehicles practical for everyday useU.S. Advanced Battery Consortium U.S. Advanced Materials Program Validating advanced materials and manufacturing technologies for commercially viable automobilesU.S. Advanced Materials Program United States for Automotive Research (USCAR) Strengthening the technology base of the domestic auto industry through cooperative, pre- competitive researchUnited States for Automotive Research (USCAR)

Summary Alternative fuels create petroleum and emissions savings today. Government and industry cooperation in R&D and deployment is a good model.

Resources National Alternative Fuels Data Center: DOE; for international calls Department of Energy, Office of Fuels Development: National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Office of Transportation Technologies Partnerships: Bioenergy Information Network: Center for Transportation Technologies: Clean Cities Web Site: