SAFETY IN AIRLINES HARPREET A DE SINGH HEAD – CORPORATE QUALITY, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 25 Oct 2013

Concept of safety  What is safety Zero accidents (or serious incidents)? Zero accidents (or serious incidents)? Freedom from danger or risks? Freedom from danger or risks? Error avoidance Error avoidance Regulatory compliance? Regulatory compliance? … ? … ?

Board of Directors Chairman and Managing Director Joint Managing Director Executive Directors / Departmental Heads Functional DirectorsCVO ORGANISATION

Accountable Manager Allocation of Resources Financial Control Post Holders

ORGANISATION CHART

Regular DGCA oversight Regular Flight Safety oversight Regular QMS oversight

AIR INDIA -ENGINEERING FAA certified EASA certified

AIR INDIA -ENGINEERING FAA certified ( Engine Overhaul, Accessories Overhaul ) EASA certified ( Engine Overhaul, Accessories Overhaul, Electronic Workshop ) Line Maintenance (Singapore, Qatar, Kuwait) Boeing

AIR INDIA -ENGINEERING FAA certified ( Jet Engine Overhaul, JEOC) EASA certified ( Jet Engine Overhaul, JEOC) Line Maintenance (Sri Lanka, Singapore, Qatar, Gulf, Jordan) Airbus

AIR INDIA -SECURITY ISO certified BCAS certified

QMS

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Quality Management System (QMS) ensures continued suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the entire organisation. – To maintain an effective SMS and QMS complying with international standards and regulatory requirements. – To ensure compliance with relevant statutory, quality, safety and security requirements (ICAO, DGCA, IOSA,ISAGO, EASA, FAA & all external / internal audits). – Organisational and Operational Risk Management – Quality and Safety Assurance Programme (Through Internal & External audits) – Emergency Response, etc.

IOSA FIRST– IOSA / ISAGO / E IOSA One of the first few airlines in the world and first in India to clear IOSA First and only airline in India with ISAGO ( IATA Safety Audit for Ground Operations) QMS Auditors represent IATA to audit ground service providers, as part of ISAGO Audit Pool, including those outside India ENHANCED IOSA First Airline in the world to voluntarily get audited for E IOSA with new standards effective Sept 01, 2013, although mandatory from 2015 only Cleared renewal IOSA on Sept 6, 2013 with zero findings

AIR INDIA QMS recently awarded International Quality Summit Award(London) – 2012 International Quality Award to QMS (Geneva) 2013 QUALITY AWARDS

SMS

FLIGHT SAFETY Independent Department Incident and Accident Prevention Investigation FOQA Analysis and DFDR Monitoring Counselling Trend Analysis Safety Promotion SMS – Safety Risk Assessment, Hazard Analysis, Proactive and reactive, Risk Mitigation through a just culture

SMS CAR IMPLEMENTATION INVOLVES 4 PHASES ( AUTH CAR SEC1, Sec C, PART I, DT 20 th July 2010) PHASE 1:+120 DAYS PHASE 2:+1 YEAR Documentation & Implementation PHASE 3:+2 YEAR Proactive & Reactive Hazard identification PHASE 4 +3 YEARS Training, Quality assurance, ERP AIR INDIA MEETS ALL BASELINE SMS REQUIREMENTS CAR PHASE WISE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ICAO and DGCA

SMS Organisation and relationships Air India’s safety Programme (Corporate SMS) AOP Holders Safety Management System (SMS) AOP HOLDERS OPERATION Objective: Public safety Safety policy & objectives Org. Safety Risk Objective: Manage and control Operational safety risk Acceptance Oversight Objective: Achieve commercial goals and customer satisfaction Risk management Safety assurance Safety Promotion ProtectionProduction Oversight - QMS (Quality and Safety assurance)

SMS – Results in design and implementation of organizational processes and procedures to identify hazards and control / mitigate risks in aviation operation QMS techniques provide a structured process for ensuring that these processes and procedures achieve their intended objectives and where they fail short to improve them.

OPERATIONS POLICY, MISSION AND GOALS The Airline Operations Policy and Mission is: Safety On Time Performance Courtesy Passenger Comfort Economy

TRAINING Pilots Flight Despatchers Cabin Crew ( Safety training ) Engineers Technical Officers Ground Handling and Ramp Personnel Cargo Personnel Load and Trim Staff Security Staff Flight Safety QMS

SAFETY IS THROUGH Training of cockpit crew SEP training of cabin crew Use of modern full flight simulator Periodical proficiency checks Medical examination Annual ground technical and flight safety refreshers Sound operating policies

PROFICIENCY CHECKS - FLIGHT CREW As per DGCA requirements, the pilots are required to undergo following mandatory proficiency checks annually (per year) for keeping their licences current: a) 2 Licence Renewal Local Checks b) 1 Instrument Rating Check c) 2 Licence Renewal Route Checks In addition to the above, pilots are required to undergo mandatory Ground Technical Refresher, Flight Safety Refresher and performance refresher on the type of aircraft once in a year and Dangerous Goods Refresher once in two years.

Based on DGCA approved syllabus. fully equipped classrooms and briefing rooms, training aids available: 1. Cockpit Procedure Trainer 2. Simulators (B , B ER, B , B787, A320) 3. Safety & Emergency Procedures Mock-up 4. Boeing 747 Door Trainer 5. CBT - Work Stations 6. Training Library 7. TV/VCR, Video Cassettes & Films 8. LCD Multimedia Projectors, Ceiling Mounts for Projectors with Drop Down Screens TRAINING & FACILITIES

FUNCTIONS - TRAINING SAFETY through formulation of flight proficiency standards Adherence to requirements of DGCA Training of pilots, flight despatchers and cabin crew Training of Trainers - Check pilots / Instructors /Examiners - Operations Training Instructors ( Navigation) - Ground Technical Instructors

FUNCTIONS – TRAINING Maintaining records of all licences / validity Simulators and their maintenance Medical Coordination Corrective training based on Air Safety and DGCA audits and reports

TRAINING PERSONNEL  Examiners  Instructors  Check pilots  Synthetic flight instructors  Ground training instructors  Ground technical instructors  Operations training instructors

AB-INITIO TRAINING OF PILOTS ORIENTATION COURSE FOR AB-INITIO PILOTS Duration - 6 to 8 weeks Subjects covered are :  Organisation of the Company  Navigation  Air Regulations  Jet Orientation  General Performance Meteorology Principles of flight & Engines Jeppesen Flight Planning Human Factors C R M

AB-INITIO TRAINING OF PILOTS Aircraft Specific Ground Training Simulator Training Aircraft Training for endorsement of Licence Aircraft Route Training prior to release to operate independently.

SPECIALIZED OPERATIONAL TRAINING SPECIALIZED OPERATIONAL TRAINING  MNPS Training  RVSM Training  ETOPS Training  TCAS Training  RNAV/ PBN Training  Dangerous Goods Training  Category II / III Training  LTOM Training  Fuel Management Training  EGPWS Training  Flight Planning  Human Factors & CRM Training

SPECIALIZED OPERATIONAL TRAINING SPECIALIZED OPERATIONAL TRAINING  ALAR Training  Security Training  Jeppessen Charts Training  FMS/IRS Training  Air Regulations/ Operations Manual  Special Nav Ops Training  Train the Trainer Workshop  Adverse Weather  Weight & Balance Training These trainings are also conducted as refreshers annually.

CRM TRAINING CRM TRAINING This training is conducted for : Flight Crew Cabin Crew Flight Despatchers It is an integral part of classroom, simulator, refresher and command training. HUMAN FACTORS Training – all operational, engineering and ground handling personnel

REFRESHERS REFRESHERS All flight crew are required to undergo the following refreshers once a year : Ground Training Refresher/ Test Flight Safety Refresher/ Test

CABIN ATTENDANT TRAINING  Emergency Duty / Flight Safety Training  First Aid Course  Dangerous Goods Training  Human Factors and CRM Training  Refresher Training - once a year  Dangerous goods and wet drill - once in 2 years  DGCA Approval

FLIGHT DESPATCHER TRAINING  Basic Indoctrination Training  Initial Training  Conversion Training  Human Factors and CRM Training  Refresher Training - once every 2 years  DGCA approval

TRAINING  AME  Basic Indoctrination Training  Initial Training  Conversion Training  Human Factors and CRM Training  Refresher Training - once every 2 years  DGCA approval

The essential is invisible to the eyes Number of occurrences 1 – 5Accidents 30 – 100 Serious incidents 100 – 1000Incidents 1000 – 4000 Latent conditions

Safety Safety Traditional approach – Accident prevention  Focus on outcomes (causes)  Unsafe acts by operational personnel  Attach blame/punish for failures to “perform safely”  Address identified safety concern exclusively  Identifies: WHAT?WHO?WHEN? WHY?HOW?  But not always discloses: Modern Approach - Consider the WHY and HOW also and adopt SMS

Thank You and have a good day!! AIR INDIA is fully committed to Safety