1. What do you know about your assigned spice? 2. What spices do you have at your house? (that you know of) 3. What spices do you use on a regular basis?
Write down two observations about this world map.
Essential questions: Why did Europeans begin to explore the world? What were the effects of European exploration?
Period from early 15 th to early 17 th century. Time of European expansion to the rest of the world European ships traveled around the world in search of new trade routes, gold, silver, spices, furs, and fertile land or settlements. Europeans encountered peoples and mapped lands previously unknown to them.
Desire for wealth Wanted to expand trade, especially for the spices of the east Wanted to find precious metals Religion Wanted to spread religious ideals and convert others Glory Look at us! WEEEEEE’RRRREEEEE GREAT!
God, Glory, and Gold
Cartography – map-making Compass – showed ship’s direction Astrolabe – showed ship’s latitude by observing the positions of the stars Ships – caravel could maneuver better and hold more cargo
The Portuguese sailed to the coastal areas of Africa, where they first reached the west coast What natural resources does this region have? This became a source of gold for the Portuguese and became known as the “Gold Coast”
Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal sent several expeditions down the west coast of Africa to: establish trade routes Destroy Muslim shipping Gain control of the spice trade
Bartholomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope, which is the southern tip of Africa.
1497 – Vasco da Gama discovered a route to India, opening the way for Portuguese trade routes to the East Indies
The Portuguese later established trading ports for spice trade in Southeast Asian islands making tremendous profits. Portuguese trading empire was a series of trading posts on coastal areas. They did not colonize African or Asian regions.
1492 – Italian born Christopher Columbus convinced Queen Isabella of Spain to finance an expedition to find a western route to Asia.
Did Europeans know the Earth was round? Yes! Did they know the circumference of the Earth? Yes, Eratosthenes figured this out, but Columbus believed the Earth was smaller. Where did Columbus think he was? Asia – he believed this to his dying day He thought he was in the West Indies (islands in Asia), therefore the people became known as “Indios” – the Spanish word for “inhabitants of the Indies”
Spain: “What if Portugal tries to claim our newly discovered lands?” Portugal: “What if Spain tries to claim our newly discovered lands?” Pope Alexander VI: “Let’s make it fair – we will draw a line to divide up the territory”
Spain would have possession of any unclaimed territories to the west of the line; Portugal would have possession of any unclaimed territory to the east of the line. That’s why people speak Portuguese in Brazil!
Spanish conquistadors (conquerors) Hernan Cortez: Defeated Aztec Empire Fransisco Pizarro: Defeated Inca Empire Within 30 years after Spanish arrival, the western part of Latin America had been brought under their control watch?v=kKeB82retLs watch?v=kKeB82retLs
Philippines: Spanish base for trade across Pacific
Queen Isabella granted the Spanish encomienda – the right to use native Americans as laborers. Most natives were forced to work on plantations or work in gold and silver mines. Many natives died due to: Disease Forced labor starvation
English, Dutch, French
Spain and Portugal: On the Iberian Peninsula England: On an island France and The Netherlands (Dutch): regions on the coast They all had access to the oceans!
Columbian Exchange – exchange of plants and animals between the Old World and New World
Columbian Exchange
A new economic system emerges called: Mercantilism – idea that the prosperity of a nation depended on: a large supply of gold and silver exporting in large quantity while importing in small
Balance of trade – difference between what a country imports and exports A favorable balance of trade would be when the goods exported are greater than those imported. Wealth that has been accumulated
Colonies were an important part of this economic system. Colony = settlement of people living in a new territory, which is linked to the parent country through trade and direct government control Important for: Sources of raw materials Markets for finished goods
OLD WORLD Rice Wheat Sugarcane Coffee Bananas Olives Horses Cattle Pigs Sheep NEW WORLD Turkeys Corn (Maize) Tobacco Peanuts Squash Tomatoes Pumpkins Pineapples Cacao (Source of Chocolate) Avocados
Essential Question: How did the slave trade affect Africa, Europe, and the Americas?
15 th century – slaves were used in Southwest Asia (Middle East) mostly as domestic servants Demand for slaves rose dramatically with the European voyages to the Americas and the planting of sugar cane there
Plantations = large agricultural estates = were set up on the eastern coast of Brazil and on islands in the Caribbean to grow sugar cane Growing cane is labor intensive – so slaves from Africa were imported to meet the need
The first boatload of African slaves were brought on a Spanish ship in 1518.
Trade grew tremendously in the next two centuries Triangular trade = connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas
Why were so many slaves sent to the Americas? High death rate Many died on the Middle Passage, which was the journey to the Americas that was the middle leg of the triangular trade vrI vrI
Before Europeans entered the scene, most slaves in Africa were war captives After Europeans enter the scene, more people were taken captive through village raids
What were the effects on African societies? Depopulation of some areas Deprived communities of their youngest and strongest men and women Led to increased warfare
Period from the early 15 th century to the early 17 th century. European ships traveled around the world in search of new trade routes, gold, silver, spices, furs, and fertile land or settlements. Europeans encountered peoples and mapped lands previously unknown to them.
Play Pictionary to review terms!!