 The North o Cities grew rapidly thanks to the Industrial Revolution and immigrants coming to live in the US

By 1860, 1 million people lived in NYC!

o Economy was based on factories and banking

 The South o Has huge amount of land (896,000 square miles compared to 557,000 in the North) o Economy is based on plantations, called a Plantation Economy o Meaning plantations and slavery were main source of $ o King Cotton, rice, tobacco, corn, indigo sugar

Lifestyle: Based on southern pride Did not like change – were very traditional Slavery and the southern way of life was their main concern Even non slave owners wanted to preserve (keep) the southern way of life

 The Mason Dixon Line o Imaginary line that divides the North and South between Pennsylvania and Maryland

 Not all southerners owned slaves (only 50%)  Not all slave owners (Masters) treated their slaves harshly  Some slave owners thought the treatment of factory workers in the North was worse than the treatment of slaves o Why do you think this would be the case???

 By 1804 all Northern States had outlawed slavery  Religious groups like the Quakers said that slavery was a sin  Many people wanted to reform (= change ) slavery in the U.S.

abolish = to end something Abolitionists = people who want to end slavery in the U.S.

Gave speeches to urge people/ gov’t to end slavery Wrote/ created anti- slavery newspapers devoted to ending slavery ( Ex: The Liberator)

Wrote books about slavery in the South Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe

Helped enslaved people escape Underground Railroad

A system of secret routes (paths and passages) that slaves took to escape to the far North and Canada Conductor = a leader/ helper on the U. R. (Underground Railroad)

Famous Abolitionists Harriet Tubman = escaped slave who led hundreds on the Underground Railroad

Fredrick Douglas – gave many speeches on slavery William Lloyd Garrison – Created The Liberator, Anti- Slavery Newspaper

 Songs o Follow the Drinking Gourd Follow the Drinking Gourd o Used to tell how to reach the North o Symbol for the Big Dipper o Follow the North Star o Follow the rivers o Leave in the winter

 Find a safe house o A light/lantern in the window to guide you o Hung up quilt patterns

 Travel at night in the cover of darkness  To hide from the dogs: jump into the river or travel when raining  Look for moss growing on the north side of rocks or trees as a guide

Pathways to Freedom