CE 332 Page 1 Contract Documents

CE 332Page 2 Background The principle project objectives are to build a project within budget, on time, and according to the quality specified The quality is defined by the drawings and specifications

CE 332Page 3 Background (cont.) The contract documents serve three purposes: basis for competitive bidding as contract administration documents basis for the settlement of disputes, etc.

CE 332Page 4 Bid Documents and Contract Documents The bid documents are: instructions to bidders proposal form form of agreement general conditions special (supplemental) conditions drawings specifications addendum

CE 332Page 5 Contract Documents The contract documents are: form of agreement general conditions special (supplemental) conditions drawings specifications bonds addendum and change orders

CE 332Page 6 Drawings Drawings are part of the bid and contract documents project specific drawings: show arrangements, construction details, materials, etc. standard drawings: done for convenience generally by owners who build many projects and always use the same details, I.e., manholes, curb and gutter, guide rails, etc.

CE 332Page 7 Drawings (cont.) standard drawings are done for convenience, economics, and efficiency (saves time) contract drawings consist of the following: site layout and grading architectural and arrangement structural mechanical and plumbing electrical See AIA A101, Art. 9

CE 332Page 8 Drawings (cont.) Drawings that are not part of the bid and contract documents: as-built drawings shop drawings: design drawings show enough detail to establish the intent of the design--shop drawings are used to fabricate the pieces and to build the project shop drawings are usually prepared by the fabricator

CE 332 Page 9 Hyatt Regency Collapse

CE 332Page 10 Organization Crown Center Havens Steel Contractor GCM Gillum- Colaco Gillum Duncan

CE 332Page 11 Type of Connections All connections are the responsibility of the designer of record (Duncan) Simple no unusual loads; can use AISC manual Complex extreme or unusual loads or loads transferred from different directions Special hybrid connections or where it is non-redundant

CE 332Page 12 Deficiencies Failed to communicate to fabricator that he was to design connection Did not reflect need for special weld, stiffeners, and bearing plates Did not communicate that steel rods should be high strength steel instead of regular strength steel Design did not meet Kansas City Building Code

CE 332Page 13 Deficiencies (cont.) Stated double rod system was OK without checking Kept no records of web shear calculations and other necessary calculations or tests Did not make calculations to determine soundness of hanger connection

CE 332Page 14 Deficiencies (cont.) Did not check shop drawings for compliance with the Kansas City Building Code Did not check shop drawings with design concept Was lackadaisical with their own internal procedures Did not complete check of steel design after atrium collapse, despite telling the owner otherwise

CE 332 Page 15 Specifications

CE 332Page 16 Background Specifications describe verbally how the project is to be constructed or the expected results Specifications address materials, workmanship, and operation or performance characteristics

CE 332Page 17 Specification Divisions (organization) Some organizations have developed standard formats for organizing specifications Public agencies may have their own format In commercial work, the most commonly used specification format is the one published by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)

CE 332Page 18 Standard Material Specifications These are standard specifications that have been developed by agencies and professional organizations Examples of agencies and organizations include: federal government--standard military specifications technical societies--ASTM, AASHTO, ANSI, etc.

CE 332Page 19 Technical Specifications Provide verbal descriptions of technical requirements Where possible, tests and measurements are used to verify quality or performance Materials and workmanship standards are described when work cannot be verified by field tests

CE 332Page 20 Type of Technical Specifications Performance specifications also called end-result specs contractor must meet specified performance or service requirements contractor is responsible for achieving results Best suited where desired results can be verified by observation, tests, measurements, etc.

CE 332Page 21 Type of Technical Specifications (cont.) Design specifications also called prescription specs., materials and methods specs., or method specs. contractor is told what to do and how to do it suited for situations where end results cannot be easily verified.

CE 332Page 22 Type of Technical Specifications (cont.) Closed specifications specified material or equipment is cited by name or the precise features or characteristics of a given brand name are listed substitutions are not permitted eliminates competition and can lead to higher prices normally not permitted on public contracts

CE 332Page 23 Type of Technical Specifications (cont.) Open specifications commonly used by public and private owners materials and equipment from various manufacturers is permitted so long as they meet the performance and quality criteria generic specifications can lost quality and performance criteria, not brand names proprietary specifications can list characteristics and products with an “or equal” clause that permits substitutions

CE 332Page 24 Problems Related to Specifications Unsatisfactory result despite compliance to specifications--mixed end result and method specifications defective specifications the “or equal” clause

CE 332Page 25 Specification Compliance In 1971, the City of Covington, LA hired Thomas H. Heard to construct a new sewer system. The contract gave Heard the option of using any of three types of pipe--clay, plastic, or solid wall. The contract specified the use of Johns-Manville Flextran gravity sewer pipe or an equal in the event the contractor elected to use plastic pipe. Heard decided to use plastic pipe and installed Flextran.

CE 332Page 26 Specification Compliance (cont.) When Heard finished the work, the city engineer certified that Heard had complied with all plans and specifications. The pipe repeatedly ruptured in 1975 and 1976 and twice more in 1979 and The city asserted that Heard had used defective materials and installed the pipe incorrectly, causing the ruptures. Is Heard responsible for the damages?

CE 332Page 27 Defective Specifications W. H. Lyman Constr. Co. contracted with the Village of Gurnee to build a sanitary sewer. A portion of the project was parallel to the Des Plains River. Due to high subsurface water, the contractor was unable to seal the manholes to achieve the required infiltration rates. Eventually, they were sealed by a method that was originally prohibited by the contract. Should Lyman be reimbursed?

CE 332Page 28 The “Or Equal” Clause The Clark Dietz Div. of CRS Group Engineers, Inc. acted as the project engineer on two wastewater treatment plants built by the Urbana and Champaign Sanitary District in Illinois. As part of its duties, the firm prepared the specifications for the sludge dewatering equipment based on a belt filter press manufactured by Ralph B. Carter Co.

CE 332Page 29 The “Or Equal” Clause (cont.) Waldinger Corp. was low bidder and listed in its bid a press manufactured by Ashbrook-Simon- Hartley, Inc. After Waldinger was awarded the subcontract, it executed purchase orders for the Ashbrook equipment. Dietz however refused to approve the Ashbrook press. Subsequently, Waldinger purchased the Carter equipment for a higher price. Should Waldinger be compensated?