ENUM ITU-T Status Update An SAIC Company Prepared For: ACA Industry Workshop March, 2003 Telcordia Contact: Gary Richenaker Copyright © 2003 Telcordia Technologies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

ITU-T Status 2003 – 2 What is ENUM?  ENUM is part of the convergence of Circuit Switched and Packet Networks –ENUM is defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and translates an E164 number into Internet Domain Names; RFC September 2000  ENUM is about new service creation –Allows the use of a traditional telephone number in the context of different communication media, e.g., , VoIP, and therefore could facilitate the penetration of new applications into the mass market easily  Defines the use of Domain Name System (DNS) resource records to find optional : – addresses –Voice over IP SIP / H.323 servers –Voice Mail servers –Fax Machines

ITU-T Status 2003 – 3 How ENUM Works  Transform the E.164 telephone number into an ENUM DNS name –Reverses the digits –Separate the digits with a “.” –Add the ENUM domain name at the end  Query the Domain Name System (DNS) using that name to retrieve the Naming Authority Pointer Record (NAPTR) records that are associated with the telephone number  Choose a service from the DNS NAPTR response on the various types of services (including order and preference) associated with the telephone number

ITU-T Status 2003 – 4 How ENUM Works  ENUM by itself has no value  Revenues will be driven by new value-added services and applications enabled by ENUM  End User –Simplicity  One number addressing eliminates need to remember multiple, complex addresses –Expanded connectivity  Calls to non-PSTN (i.e., IP) devices can be completed  Service Provider –New services revenues  PSTN-IP Telephony –Strategic  Expand reach into the Internet

ITU-T Status 2003 – 5 How ENUM Works  The ITU and the Internet Society (ISOC) are working on a ‘global- tree’ implementation of ENUM using a tiered architecture with a unique top level domain (TLD) that will provide for a competitive implementation  Why is a unique TLD used in ENUM? –I have phone number; –I can choose between a.com and b.com –I select b.com, and get the DNS domain  b.com. –Somebody wants to contact me –He/She knows my phone number only –How is he/she know that it is in b.com and not a.com I have my data?  This is why a unique root or a “Golden Tree” is important

ITU-T Status 2003 – 6 How ENUM Works  The ITU/ISOC ‘Global-Tree’ will be a top rooted, global DNS ENUM implementation  Member States would have the choice of opting in or out of this implementation  Each ITU Member State may administer their portion of E.164 resources mapped into DNS as they see fit  There will be other private and perhaps global competitive-tree’ implementations

ITU-T Status 2003 – 7 How ENUM Works  The ‘Global-Tree’ domain name space will be organized in three tiers  Tier-0 is managed internationally –The ITU-TSB would have administrative responsibility –RIPE-NCC would have operational responsibility –Countries would opt-in or opt-out at the Tier-0 level –The Tier-0 name server would have ‘NS’ records for the Tier-1 name servers of the opted-in countries  Tier 1 is to be managed nationally, and is the entity that that operates the Tier-1 ENUM service within a country or Region and has a pointer to the Tier 2 Entity for each served TN  Tier2 is the entity that stores a list of service specific internet addresses in the form of URI’s in a DNS resource record called NAPTR for each subscriber

ITU-T Status 2003 – 8 How ENUM Works Tier-0 Tier-1 Tier-2 Tier-1 Directs the DNS query to the customer’s Tier-2 providers. An NS record is provided for each subscriber’s telephone number * An NS record is an authoritative Name Server DNS record used to delegate to subordinates Stores a list of service specific internet addresses in the form of URI’s in a DNS resource record called NAPTR for each subscriber. Returns the full list of Internet addresses associated with the E.164 number being queried. Registry Registry Registry Provider International-RIPE-NCC and ITU-TSB National CC 61 CC 1

ITU-T Status 2003 – 9 ITU-T Status Update  What is the ITU? –A treaty organization founded in 1865 –Presently, a specialized agency within the United Nations system –Includes Member States, Sector Members and Associates –Governments and the private sector develop Recommendations to co-ordinate service, operational and technical requirements for global networks and services  Three major sectors of ITU –ITU-R (Radio-Communication) –ITU-T (Telecom Standardization) –ITU-D (Telecom Development)  Goal of the ITU-T –Representatives of the ITU Membership develop Recommendations for the various fields of telecommunications

ITU-T Status 2003 – 10 ITU-T Status Update  Background –ISOC requested that the ITU be involved in order to authenticate that the legitimate representative of the Member State (Country) applied for delegation of its E.164 Country Code into e164.arpa –ITU-T SG2 began developing a Recommendation that would govern the procedures for the Tier 0 administrative aspects of populating E.164 numbers into the common designated domain

ITU-T Status 2003 – 11 ITU-T Status Update  It wasn’t that easy: –Germany – Governance of the ENUM root zone should be international and politically and commercially neutral –China - Opposed the use of the TLD “.arpa” for ENUM implementation and proposed that another TLD that is under the unique responsibility of the ITU would be more suitable –France and Syria- Proposed that the TLD for the whole ENUM DNS be a TLD delegated to the ITU itself as the administrative responsible entity

ITU-T Status 2003 – 12 ITU-T Status Update  During the September 2001 meeting it was agreed to separate administrative control from operational control –The ITU would have administrative control –Tier 0 would have operational control – at present RIPE NCC  Administrative control is defined as the necessary procedures by which E.164 country codes would be registered at the Tier 0 level in the common designated ENUM domain under consideration in a transparent and administratively neutral manner  The ITU shall have the responsibility over the administration of E.164 country code resources in the ENUM proposal under consideration

ITU-T Status 2003 – 13 ITU-T Status Update  At a February 2002 meeting of experts a draft set of interim procedures for the delegation of geographic E.164 Country Codes were conditionally approved by the participants but needed to be formally approved at the May meeting of SG2  Therefore, there were no formal ITU procedures in place from the February 2002 meeting until the May meeting of SG2 –Only the RIPE-NCC procedures were in effect –With no procedures in place countries such as France, Germany and the US took proactive steps to “safeguard” the delegation of their countries codes during this period –However, those countries who did not protect their E.164 Country Code were in jeopardy of having their country code delegated to the first requestor

ITU-T Status 2003 – 14 ITU-T Status Update  At the May meeting of SG2, the participants reviewed the draft set of initial interim procedures developed by the experts group in February, made some editorial revisions, and then unanimously approved the procedures  In addition, the RIPE-NCC procedures were reviewed and some minor clarifications were requested  Consequently, with the approval of these interim procedures countries that now apply to RIPE-NCC for the delegation of their country code, will have that application authenticated by the ITU-TSB

ITU-T Status 2003 – 15 ITU-T Status Update  At SG2, it was also agreed that a legal instrument of agreement needed to be negotiated between the ITU-TSB/ITU and ISOC in accordance with the ITU’s procedures –The ITU Telecommunications Standardization Bureau (TSB) began discussions and exchanged letters with RIPE-NCC to establish working relationship and develop procedures that were aligned with one another  At the May meeting of SG2, a report of a visit between the TSB and RIPE-NCC was reported as well as a copy of all the documentation that had been exchanged –These letters and agreements form part of the requested legal instrument. Discussion is taking place with respect to issues not covered so far

ITU-T Status 2003 – 16 ITU-T Status Update  It was recognized that only interim procedures for the delegation of E.164 geographic country codes were approved and that assignees of Network Codes or Groups of Countries still did not have an approved delegation procedure  At an experts meeting in September 2002 a draft set of interim procedures for CC + ICs and CC + GIG was proposed  At the December meeting of SG2, the participants reviewed the draft set of interim procedures developed by the experts group in September, made some editorial revisions, and then unanimously approved the procedures –The code had been delegated on a special interim basis at the May 2002 SG2 meeting

ITU-T Status 2003 – 17 ITU-T Status Update  Although it has not been without issues on both sides, the ITU and its members and ISOC and its members have developed a working relationship and provided an aligned set of procedures that allow for countries to delegate their E.164 Country Code into e164.arpa  As a result of the discussions, both sides now have a better understanding of the issues of concern to their respective memberships  A copy of the interim procedures can be obtained at: –

ITU-T Status 2003 – 18 Tier 0 ENUM Delegations  Delegations in e164.arpa as of 15 Feb 2003 –31 Netherlands –36 Hungary –40 Romania –43 Austria –44 UK –46 Sweden –48 Poland –49 Germany –55 Brazil –86 China –246 Diego Garcia –247 Ascension –290 Saint Helena –971 UAE –878 10VISIONng