Electronic and Optical Materials Lab. Kwangsoo No 1 and Tony Won 2 1. KAIST, Korea: 2. Presbyterian Church of Luganville, Santo, Vanuatu: Rain Water Harvesting of Bush Villages in Pacific Island Vanuatu The 3 rd IWA-RWHM 2012

Electronic and Optical Materials Lab. 2 Daily Water Supply is Essential for Human Rights and Dignity ‘The right to water’ (General Comment No.15 of United Nations E/C.12/2002/11) states as followings: Water is a limited natural resource and a public good fundamental for life and health. The human right to water is indispensable for leading a life in human dignity. It is a prerequisite for the realization of other human rights. ㆍㆍㆍ Over one billion persons lack access to a basic water supply, while several billion do not have access to adequate sanitation, which is the primary cause of water contamination and diseases linked to water. The continuing contamination, depletion and unequal distribution of water is exacerbating existing poverty. States parties have to adopt effective measures to realize, without discrimination, the right to water, as set out in this general comment. The human right to water entitles everyone to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic uses. An adequate amount of safe water is necessary to prevent death from dehydration, to reduce the risk of water-related disease and to provide for consumption, cooking, personal and domestic hygienic requirements.

Electronic and Optical Materials Lab. 3 Bush Villages of Espiritu Santo (Land of the Holy Spirit) of Vanuatu Santo Area: 3955 ㎢ Highest peak:1879m Mt Tabwemasana Pop:~30,000 Jeju Area: 1845 Highest peak:1950m Ht. Halla Pop:560,000 The remote villages in the rain forest have the water shortage problem even though water is abundant in those areas. The people in the villages neither have the idea, the money, the materials, the technology, the power nor the electricity.

Electronic and Optical Materials Lab. Daily water supplies of the remote villages in the rain forest are provided by rain and spring water harvesting and are very successful. The harvesting and supplying systems are constructed with local materials and local human power for low cost and efficient maintenance. Bush Missionaries Developing Rain and Spring Water Harvesting 4 Rain and snow precipitation is the primary source of flesh water and main supply for the secondary sources: surface water and ground water.

Electronic and Optical Materials Lab. One of purest sources of water because the precipitation is naturally distilled trough the evaporation prior to cloud formation. It has been reported that the drinkable water (being satisfied the standard test) may be produced from the rain water using simple water treatment like filtering and that drinkable water supply systems have been installed and successfully operating at several places in the world. Rain water consists of no calcium and magnesium carbonates and is soft and suitable for drinking, cooking and washing. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium salts are abundant in the earth’s crust and consequently in the surface and ground water, but rain water consists of low salt content. Rain water comes to us free of charge. It falls from the sky, and we don’t pay to pump it nor pay a utility company to deliver it. 5 Advantages of Rain Water over Other Water Sources

Electronic and Optical Materials Lab ton Rain Water Harvesting System in Bush Villages

Electronic and Optical Materials Lab. 7 7 ton Rain Water Harvesting System in Bush Villages

Electronic and Optical Materials Lab. 8 Other Missionary Works in Bush Villages: Spring Water Harvesting

Electronic and Optical Materials Lab. 9 Other Missionary Works in Bush Villages: Ram Pump & Microhydro The Bamford "Hi-Ram Pump ®“