An Introduction to wind power By Jack Bradley, University of Bradford.

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Presentation transcript:

An Introduction to wind power By Jack Bradley, University of Bradford

Introduction to Wind Power History of wind power Wind resource How wind turbines work Some basic characteristics Relative efficiencies Environmental Impacts

Where we use our energy

In the home

Where Our Energy Comes From?

Future Energy Sources

UK Wind Resource 990 TWh Onshore of which 60+ will be recoverable TWh Offshore of which 100+ will be recoverable.

World Wind Resource 1200 TW World Resource 10TW Theoretically recoverable Worlds Energy Consumption 1.3TW Source Twidell And Weir

Persian (2000 b.c) Direction of Prevailing Wind

Windmills

1970’s and 80’s

2000+

Wind Pumps

Early Electricity Source

World Wind Markets

Power Law A v l

Turbine Size Source Renewable Energy World Mar 02

Simple Wind Loggers

Wind Speed Distribution Curves Mean

Energy Distribution

European Wind Atlas

NOABL

Basic Principles Drag Machines

Basic Components of HAWT Nacelle Swept Area Rotor made up hub and blades Tower Hub Low Speed Shaft Direction Free wind Direction of Blade Rotation Yaw Bearing

Lift Machines Horizontal Axis Drag Lift True Wind Direction

Lift Machines Horizontal Axis Drag Lift True Wind Direction Direction of Blade Movement Apparent wind direction Driving Force

Lift Machines Horizontal Axis Drag Lift True Wind Direction v Direction of Blade Movement V b Apparent wind direction v R Driving Force

Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) CpCp TSR

Solidity High Solidity machines have low TSR and High Torque nLow Solidity machines have high TSR and low torques

Different Types of WEC Source Boyle

Anemometers Spot measurements of little use. Average wind speeds required Simple Anemometer gives Run of Wind measurement

UK Wind Speeds

Impacts (Noise) Source Boyle

Impacts (Visual)

Impacts (Birds) It is estimated for 1000MW in Holland 21,000 bird deaths 1,000,000 due to power lines 1,500,000 due to wild fowlers 9,000,000 due to road traffic Source Winkleman 1995

Conclusions Huge world resource Power in the wind is proportional to the cube of the speed Assessment of site wind speed is critical Like all generation wind power has environmental impacts Careful siting can minimise these problems