Catalyst Complete K & W on KWL chart in guided notes

Objectives SWBAT define metabolism SWBAT explain the ATP/ADP cycle SWBAT differentiate between autotrophs and heterotrophs SWBAT identify the types of energy involved in photosynthesis SWBAT identify the reactants and products of photosynthesis

METABOLISM Use of energy by organisms

ATP ATP= adenosine triphosphate Energy molecule of the cell Like “Energy Currency”

How do we get energy from ATP? Energy is released from ATP when a phosphate group is removed When the bond is broken, it becomes ADP (adenosine diphosphate) Explain how the jar is like the ATP/ADP cycle.

How Organisms Get Energy Autotrophs – Organisms that make their own energy (Also called producers) Heterotrophs – Organisms that consume energy (Also called consumers)

What is Photosynthesis? Photo= Light Synthesis= To make or put things together Photosynthesis= making glucose with light

WHAT is Photosynthesis DEF – Using light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars and starches (chemical energy) Light Energy  Chemical Energy (ATP)

What is Photosynthesis?

WHAT is Photosynthesis (inside chloroplast) 6CO2+6H2O+sunlight  C6H12O6+6O2 Reactants: Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight Products: Glucose & Oxygen

Check for Understanding #1 Multiple Choice iRespond Question Check for Understanding #1 What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs? A.) Autotrophs make their own energy and heterotrophs eat their energy B.) Heterotrophs make their own energy and autotrophs eat their energy C.) Both make their own energy D.) Both consume their energy E.)

Question 2 Why is ATP called energy currency? E.) F Multiple Choice iRespond Question Question 2 Why is ATP called energy currency? A.) Because people like to spend it B.) Because when a phosphate group of ADP is broken, it forms ATP and releases energy C.) Because when an adenosine group of ATP is broken, it forms ADP and releases energy D.) Because when a phosphate group of ATP is broken, it forms ADP and releases energy E.)

What are the reactants of photosynthesis? Multiple Choice iRespond Question Question 3 What are the reactants of photosynthesis? A.) Glucose and oxygen B.) Carbon dioxide and oxygen C.) Carbon dioxide ,water, and light D.) Water , glucose, and light E.)

What are the products of photosynthesis? Multiple Choice iRespond Question Question 4 What are the products of photosynthesis? A.) Glucose and oxygen B.) Carbon dioxide and oxygen C.) Carbon dioxide and water D.) Water and glucose E.)

What group of organisms convert light energy to chemical energy? Multiple Choice iRespond Question Question 5 What group of organisms convert light energy to chemical energy? A.) Heterotrophs B.) Consumers C.) Autotrophs D.) All of the above E.)

WHO uses Photosynthesis Most autotrophs ALL plants, Many bacteria {cyanobacteria}, Plant-like protists

WHEN does Photosynthesis occur Needs 3 factors to occur: * Sunlight Intensity {varies plant to plant} * Water {wax coat – adaptation in some} * Proper temperature – {0*C to 35*C}

WHERE Photosynthesis Occurs In the Chloroplasts Found in plant cells

WHERE Photosynthesis Occurs The main pigments inside a chloroplast are thylakoids that absorb the light energy. Chlorophyll - Green pigment Carotene- Orange & brown

Who is lost?

WHERE Photosynthesis Occurs Thylakoids are disk shaped membranes that contain pigments (chlorophyll) to absorb light. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum Light dependent reactions take place here.

WHERE Photosynthesis Occurs Stroma – Fluid outside the thylakoid. Calvin Cycle= Dark Reaction = light independent reaction takes place here.

Which part of the chloroplast is found in stacks? Multiple Choice iRespond Question Question 6 Which part of the chloroplast is found in stacks? A.) Granum B.) Stroma C.) Thylakoids D.) Chlorophyll E.)

What do we call the fluid that surrounds the stacks? Multiple Choice iRespond Question Question 7 What do we call the fluid that surrounds the stacks? A.) Chloroplast B.) Chlorophyll C.) Stroma D.) Thylakoid E.)

Why are most plants green? F Multiple Choice iRespond Question Question 8 Why are most plants green? A.) Because St. Patrick likes green B.) The presence of carotenoids C.) The presence of stroma D.) The presence of chlorophyll E.)

Why do some leaves turn color (red, orange, brown) in the fall? Multiple Choice iRespond Question Question 9 Why do some leaves turn color (red, orange, brown) in the fall? A.) Production of chloroplasts decreases B.) Production of chlorophyll decreases C.) Chlorophyll stops working D.) Stroma dries out E.)

Photosynthesis has two reactions Light Dependent reactions Light Independent reactions Each reaction occurs in a different part of the chloroplast

Requires Light Does not require light Thylakoids Stroma Light Dependent Reaction Light Independent Reaction (Calvin Cycle) Light? Requires Light Does not require light Location Thylakoids Stroma **REMEMBER: Thylakoids have chlorophyll. This chlorophyll makes them green. Chlorophyll absorbs light. Therefore thylakoids absorb light. Stroma DOES NOT have chlorophyll. Therefore, it DOES NOT absorb light. So the light independent reaction takes place in the stroma

What is NADPH? *NADPH: Electron carrier involved in electron transport When combined with ATP, this becomes an energy source in photsynthesis!

Step 1: Light Dependent Reactions sun + H20 = ATP + NADPH + O2 LIGHT ENERGY + WATER = Chemical ENERGY + OXYGEN NADPH+ATP are energy sources that connect the light dependent reaction to the light independent reaction Light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) to make sugar

Question 1 What are the reactants of the light-dependent reaction? A. Water + sunlight B. ATP + NADPH + O2 C. Water + ATP D. Sunlight + O2

Question 2 What are the products of the light-dependent reactions? A. Water + sunlight B. ATP + NADPH + O2 C. Water + ATP D. Sunlight + O2

ATP made during the light-dependent reaction travels from the thylakoids to the stroma to be used in the Calvin cycle ATP

Step 2: Light independent Reactions ATP+NADPH+C02 = ADP+NADP+Sugar Sugar (glucose) C6H12O6 ALSO KNOWN AS THE CALVEN CYCLE

Metabolism Objectives: SWBAT identify the reactants and products of cellular respiration SWBAT explain the three stages of cellular respiration (Glycolysis, Krebs, ETC) SWBAT identify the parts of the mitochondria SWBAT correlate the processes of respiration with the parts of the mitochondrion

Objectives (continued) SWBAT differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration SWBAT explain why anaerobic respiration (fermentation) occurs SWBAT identify and describe the two types of fermentation (lactic acid and alcoholic)

WHAT is Cellular Respiration DEF –Process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose (food) molecules

WHO uses Cellular Respiration Animals EVERY organism ALL life Fungi Bacteria* Plants Protists

How do plants do cellular respiration How do plants do cellular respiration? I thought plants did photosynthesis??? They do BOTH!!!!!!

WHAT is Cellular Respiration Formula 6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 +6H2O + ATP Reactants: Glucose & Oxygen Products: Carbon dioxide, water & energy

O2 C6H12O6 2C3H4O3 CO2 H20 2 2 32

WHEN does Cellular Respiration occur When glucose and oxygen are available Called aerobic respiration

WHERE Cellular Respiration Occurs In the mitochondrion

Three steps to cellular respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain

HOW Cellular Respiration Occurs Step 1 Glycolysis Glyco- = sugar -lysis = break open breaking down of glucose into 2 pyruvate. Location - in the cells’s cytoplasm

HOW Cellular Respiration Occurs Step 2 – Krebs Cycle Pyruvate (C3H4O3) is broken down into CO2 & H electrons in a series of reactions. Reactants – pyruvic acid, O2 Products – CO2, FADH, NADH Location –mitochondria

HOW Cellular Respiration Occurs. Step 3 ETC Hydrogen e- move down the E.T.C. Energy captured by ADP & PATP Reactant – H electrons Product – ATP, H2O Location –mitochondria

O2 C6H12O6 2C3H4O3 CO2 H20 2 2 32

Total Products of Aerobic Respiration Uses glucose and oxygen in mitochondria to create 36 ATP, 6CO2 and 6H2O

What if there is no Oxygen? Anaerobic Respiration {fermentation} takes place if there is not any oxygen. Happens in the cytoplasm Also known as fermentation!

2 Types of Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation (some bacteria, Yeast) Lactic Acid Fermentation (Eukaryotes)

Alcoholic fermentation occurs in cytoplasm makes 2 ATP, alcohol & CO2. Used by yeast in food processing

RECAP - Cellular Respiration Lactic Acid Fermentation Occurs in cytoplasm and makes 2 ATP and lactic acid.

Lactic Acid Fermentation cont Occurs in muscle cells during sudden or rapid exercise