CH 4 Greece and Rome

I. General Information Greece and Rome greatly influenced the western world  US Constitution  Architecture Rome helped spread Christianity (indirectly) Rome was greatly influenced by Greek history

I. General Information Rome Vs. Greece  Rome  Mighty Empire  Mastery of Engineering  Greece  City-states  Scientific Thought (philosophy)  Similarities  Political Ideas (Democracy and Republic)  Religion  Artistic Styles  Economy (agricultural with heavy trade)

II. Greece Earliest society was on Crete (Myceneans)  The civilization involved in the Trojan War  Later invaded the Peloponnesus (Greece)  Led to the Greek Dark Ages ( BC)  Became known as the Greeks or the Hellenes

II. Greece Archaic Period ( BC)  The city-states soon developed  Warred against each other unless invaded  Xerxes and the Persians ( & BC)  Main cities were Athens and Sparta  Athens- democratic (508 BC) and philosophic  Sparta- oligarchy and militaristic  Pericles- peak of Athens democracy  Influenced the government through negotiations  All men were expected to participate

II. Greece Peloponnesian War ( BC)  Sparta and its allies defeated Athens and its allies  Greatly weakened the city-states  Allowed Phillip II of Macedon to take over Alexander the Great  Son of Phillip II  Expanded the Macedonian empire into Asia  Spread Greek culture  Founded Alexandria in Egypt

II. Greece

Culture  Socrates  Question everything to improve it  Plato  Student of Socrates  Human reasoning can help understand the world  Aristotle  Student of Plato  Stressed moderation  Sophocles  Dramatist  Oedipus Rex and Antigone  Homer  “Historian”  Iliad and Odyssey

II. Greece Contributions  Democracy  Socratic Method  Philosophy  Olympics  Pythagorean Theorem  Anatomy  Architecture

III. Rome Began as a Roman monarch around 800 BC  Etruscans Monarchy overthrown by Roman Aristocrats 509 BC  Became the Roman Republic

III. Rome Romans were paranoid about invasion  Expanded their territory Punic Wars ( BC)  Result of Roman expansion  3 wars with Carthage  1 st Punic War was over Sicily  2 nd Punic War- Hannibal invades through the Alps  3 rd Punic War- Rome attack Carthage and ends the war

III. Rome End of the Republic  Executive branch was made up of 2 Counsels  Julius Caesar was invading Gaul and Pompey had a disagreement  Crosses the Rubicon 45 BC and overthrew Pompey to become dictator. "alea iacta est" – the die is cast.  Julius Caesar assassinated by Senate on March BC  After Civil War Octavian Caesar Augustus takes over as “emperor” (27 BC)  Led to Pax Romana (27 BC- 180 AD)  Pax Romana ends with death of Marcus Aurelius who expanded to Britain

III. Rome Christianity  Originated with Jesus Christ of Nazareth  Was able to spread throughout the “known” world due to Roman Roads  Apostle Paul traveled heavily on these roads  Heavily persecuted by emperors due to refusal to give 1 st allegiance to empire  Nero, Diocletian and Marcus Aurelius  Constantine converted which ended the persecution(313 AD) Moved capital to Constantinople and divided into 2 halfs

III. Rome Fall of Rome  Invaded by the Barbarians  Goths and Huns  Incompetent emperors  Eventually fell in 476 AD  Byzantine Empire lasted until 1453 with its capital in Constantinople  Side Note- Gladiator games offered free bread 3x a day as well as entertainment (heavy welfare dependence help lead to the fall?)

III. Rome Visigoths

III. Rome Heavy Metal German Goth

III. Rome Laws  Twelve Tables (450 BC)  Helped protect the rights of citizens  Regulated commerce  Religious tolerance  Allowed all religions as long as they gave allegiance to Rome 1 st  Local Rule  Allowed conquered regions to rule themselves but submit to Roman law  Citizenship  Naturalized citizens

III. Rome Contributions  Arches  Republic  Senate  Christianity  Cement