International Standard for Sustainable Wild Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (ISSC-MAP)

Spices Food Uses of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants MedicinesCosmetics Source: U. Schippmann ISSC-MAP: The focus is on the species not on the product!

? ? Management Plans for Species and Regions Devils Claw Namibia Arnica Romania Aquilaria SE-Asia Boldo Chile Guidelines for MAP Conservation, Production, Quality Control (= general recommendations) WHO Collection Guideline WHO IUCN WWF Conservation Guideline The missing link: Standard = set of rules to define, implement, and evaluate good management practices

BfN Steering Group ISSC-MAP Development process Advisory Group (ca. 120) Other Experts e.g. implementation study IUCN (MPSG) WWF/TRAFFIC Advice on standard content and implementation scenarios Promotion Project lead, design and coordination Standard drafting, Owner of draft document Final decision making, Funding + Fundraising Promotion

ISSC-MAP – Purpose and objectives To ensure the continued use and long-term survival of medicinal and aromatic plant (MAP) species and populations in their habitats, while respecting the traditions, cultures and livelihoods of all stakeholders. To provide a framework of principles and criteria that can be applied to the management of MAP species and their ecosystems To provide guidance for management planning To serve as a basis for monitoring and reporting, and To recommend requirements for certification of sustainable wild collection of MAPs.

Working Draft (2006): 6 Principles Maintaining Wild Map Resources Preventing Negative Environmental Impacts Respecting Customary Rights Applying Responsible Management Practices Applying Responsible Business Practices ecological social Compliance with Laws, Regulations, and Agreements economic and social enabling Wild collection and conservation requirements Legal and ethical requirements Management and business practices

Structure of the ISSC-MAP: example of Wild Collection and Conservation Requirements Principle 1: Maintaining Wild MAP Resources Wild collection of MAP resources shall be conducted at a scale and rate and in a manner that maintains populations and species over the long term. Criterion 1.2: Knowledge-based collection practices MAP collection and management practices are based on adequate identification, inventory, assessment, and monitoring of the target species and collection impacts. Indicator Internal collection instructions define collection methods for each target MAP species / part of plant based on appropriate sources of information and knowledge of biological characteristics of the species. Competence Collection Manager Consultant Certifier Verification and control Collection instructions / internal collection rules Species- and site-specific monographs for collectors Information gathering documents Published research, on-site research, local knowledge, collectors’ experience, etc.

Structure of the ISSC-MAP: example of Legal and Ethical Requirements Principle 4: Respecting Customary Rights Local communities’ and indigenous peoples’ customary rights to use and manage collection areas and wild collected MAP resources shall be recognized and respected. Criterion 4.2: Benefit Sharing Agreements with local communities and indigenous people are based on appropriate and adequate knowledge of MAP resource tenure, management requirements, and value. Indicator Resource access and benefit sharing agreements reflect available scientific, local, industry, and other relevant sources of knowledge/information concerning the current and anticipated value of the resource. Competence Collection Manager Verification and control Agreement document Records, reports, or other evidence reflecting the resource value

Development Implementation 2007-…. ISSC-MAP Drafting Voluntary Codes of Practice Consultation Legal Adoption And Policy Resource Management Certification CITES Development Cooperation Information and Training ISSC-MAP Plant Product People & Politics Testing

International Standard for the Sustainable Wild Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants ISSC-MAP Implementation Phase I 07/08

Organisational structure - Implementation Coordination Pilot implementation in field projects Technical Board Management of ISSC-MAP Information exchange, recommendations Advise, respond to questions and suggestions Suggestions for 1) changes and additional guidance 2) Implementation scenarios Task groups, add. experts Specific questions /research Decision Board Fundraising Communications Secretariat Lead in Final decision

Prioritizing implementation strategies StrategyImpactEffortUrgencyRankWho Resource management (Species and area level) High Disputed1 CITES (NDF)MediumLowHigh CITES Secretariat Good Harvesting PracticesVariableHigh Legal adoptionMediumHigh Depends on country 1 Voluntary Codes of Practice VariableHigh 1 Industry and companies CertificationHighVariableHigh1 Business, certifiers, market

Implementation Priority implementation strategies Implementation projects in several regions Meet the demand Dialogue with relevant stakeholders Combination with other scenarios Fair Trade Standards Organic Certification Provide guidance to meet legal/ethical requirements Raise awareness What we need Strong partners Private Sector Development Cooperation Agencies Certifiers Country authorities Resource managers, communities → Promotion → Fundraising → Awareness raising

Implementation projects/case studies - selection ProjectPartnersCountryScenario Arctostaphylos-uva-ursi Wild collection Traditional Medicinals IMO RussiaCertification Voluntary Code Medicinal Plant Conservation Areas (MPCAs) FRLHT, Plantlife Int.IndiaResource Management Endangered Medicinal Plant species UNDP – GEFLebanon/PalestineResource Management Medicina da Mata, IracambiIracambi, MHSBrazilResource Management Sustainable agriculture and MAP wild collection USAID – AP3 Traditional Medicinals Gov. of Morocco MoroccoResource Management Voluntary Code (Certification?) Krameria triandra Wild CollectionWeleda AGPeruCertification MAP wild collection in BiHElmar d.o.o., USAID - LAMPBosnia and Herzegovina Certification MAPs in Sichuan (Panda, People and Plants) Chengdu Inst. Botany WWF China / Germany ChinaResource Management Certification Arnica montanaWeleda AG WWF-UK, USAMV RomaniaCertification ISSC-MAP implement-tation in Argentina IQUIMEFA Gov. of Argentina ArgentinaLegal Adoption Guaiacum sanctumGov. of Mexico, IUCNMexicoLegislation (CITES) Hoodia spp and PelargoniumTRAFFIC ESASouthern Africa RSA, Botswana Legislation (CITES) Voluntary Codes

Objectives of the first years of implementation are among others: Demonstrate benefits for on-the-ground operations and for MAP / habitat conservation through ISSC-MAP implementation Detect challenges and obstacles for succesful ISSC- MAP implementation Provide sound cost calculations of ISSC-MAP implementation in a variety of different environments and under different conditions Develop implementation reports to draw recommendations for the update of the ISSC-MAP. Provide case studies to enhance the ISSC-MAPs internat. Profile. Find ways to link the ISSC-MAP to existing standards/frameworks.

Challenges for implementation of the ISSC-MAP Stakeholder awareness of issues, perception of need Stakeholder buy-in  PROCESS Confusion among various standards Credibility of standard overseers Accountability of participants in standards Willingness of industry and consumers to support additional costs

Who benefits from a widely accepted, credible standard? Industry  level playing field with known rules Resource managers  guidelines for MAP protection, harvest, and monitoring Collectors  insurance against resource and market failures Consumers  reliability of claims about ecological sustainability and fair trade Species and habitats  maintain biodiversity

ISSC-MAP Project website: Decision Board: Danna J. Leaman (IUCN-SSC Medicinal Plant Specialist Group) (MPSG) Susanne Honnef (WWF Germany and TRAFFIC) Uwe Schippmann (German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation) Giridhar A. Kinhal (Foundation for the Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, India) Rainer Bächi (Institute for Market Ecology IMO, Switzerland) Josef Brinckmann (Traditional Medicinals Inc., USA) Ximena Buitrón Cisneros (IUCN MPSG) Secretariat: Britta Pätzold, Susanne Honnef (WWF Germany and TRAFFIC)