Raimi & Associates, Inc. LEED-ND: A TOOL FOR PUBLIC HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND COMMUNITY DESIGN Comprehensive Planning for Healthy Cities and Communities October 26, 2006

Raimi & Associates, Inc. AGENDA  LEED Rating System (5 min)  LEED-ND Overview (5 min)  Public Health and the Built Environment: Report Summary (5 min)  LEED-ND Rating System (20 min)  Implications for Comprehensive Plans (10 min)

Raimi & Associates, Inc. WHAT IS LEED?  Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design  Developed by the US Green Building Council  A leading-edge system for designing, constructing, operating and certifying the world’s greenest buildings.  Goal: TRANSFORM THE MARKET! 289 Certified Projects 2,069 Registered Projects

Raimi & Associates, Inc. LEED PRODUCTS  LEED-NC: LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations/Additions (for commercial and institutional buildings, released in 2000)  LEED-EB: LEED for Existing Buildings (released 2004)  LEED-CI: LEED for Commercial Interiors (released 2004)  LEED-CS: LEED for Core and Shell (public release: 2005)  LEED-H: LEED for Homes (public release: 2006)  LEED-ND: LEED for Neighborhood Developments (public release: 2006)

Raimi & Associates, Inc. WHAT IS LEED-ND?  ND = Neighborhood Developments  A LEED rating system being developed through a partnership between: ­ US Green Building Council ­ Natural Resources Defense Council (Smart Growth) ­ Congress for the New Urbanism  A rating system that combines elements of smart growth, urbanism, and green building

Raimi & Associates, Inc. LEED-ND TIMELINE  Partnership began  Core Committee formed  May 2005 – Draft Public Health Indicators Report  Sept 2005 – Public Comment Period on Draft Rating System  Fall 2005 – Fall 2006 – Revisions to Rating System Based on Public Comments  Pilot-Test Projects (2007)  Refine Rating System (2008)  LEED-ND Launch (2009)

Raimi & Associates, Inc. HOW GREEN ARE THESE PROJECTS?

Raimi & Associates, Inc. WHY IS LEED-ND NEEDED?  Land Use Patterns Impacts ­ Natural Environment ­ Natural Resources ­ Energy Use ­ Transportation Patterns and Choices ­ Public Health ­ Social Networks

Raimi & Associates, Inc. LAND CONSUMPTION  Increase in developed land from 1982 – 1997: 34%  Average annual increase in developed land: 2.3 to 2.6%  Increase in urbanized land relative to population growth: 2.65 times

Raimi & Associates, Inc. LAND CONSUMPTION California Paves or Builds on over 400 acres daily

Raimi & Associates, Inc. DRIVING

Raimi & Associates, Inc. DRIVING  Annual growth in VMT: 3.1 %  Average time commuters spend in traffic: 36 hours per year  Total pavement in US: 34,500 square miles (think Illinois!)  Miles of public roadways: 4 million

Raimi & Associates, Inc. CLIMATE CHANGE  Air temperature has risen 0.5 to 1.1 degrees since the late 19th Century  20th Century was warmest on record since 1400  Sea level has risen 10 cm in last 100 years

Raimi & Associates, Inc. WILDLIFE  Number of species of plants and animals native to US: 20,500  Plants and animals threatened with extinction: 32 %  Development encroaching on wildlife

Raimi & Associates, Inc. CHARACTER-LESS PLACES

Raimi & Associates, Inc. PUBLIC HEALTH - OBESITY TRENDS IN ADULTS (*BMI  30, or about 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25% 2004

Raimi & Associates, Inc. “UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT”

Raimi & Associates, Inc. RESEARCH OVERVIEW  Public Health Areas Studied ­ Physical Fitness ­ Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health ­ Traffic Accidents ­ Social Capital ­ Mental Health

Raimi & Associates, Inc.  Regional location  Population and employment density  Mix of land uses ­ More types of land uses ­ More retail land uses  Transit access and availability  Connectivity BUILT ENVIRONMENT CHARACTERISTICS

Raimi & Associates, Inc.  Access to parks and trails  Slower speeds on roads  Sidewalks, crosswalks  Attractive and interesting streets  Bike lanes, bike trails and safe bike storage BUILT ENVIRONMENT CHARACTERISTICS

Raimi & Associates, Inc. LEED-ND RATING SYSTEM SUMMARY

Raimi & Associates, Inc. ORGANIZATION  3 Categories ­ Smart Location and Linkage ­ Neighborhood Pattern and Design ­ Green Construction and Technology  Prerequisites and Credits ­ 9 Prerequisites ­ 47 Credits  100 Points Total

Raimi & Associates, Inc. PREREQUISITES  Smart Location  Water and Wastewater Infrastructure  Imperiled Species and Ecological Communities  Wetland and Water Body Conservation  Agricultural Land Conservation  Floodplain Avoidance  Open Community  Compact Development  Construction Activity Pollution Prevention

Raimi & Associates, Inc. SMART LOCATION  Locate on an “Infill” site. OR  Locate near transit - 50% of DU’s or building entrances within ¼ mile walk of bus or ½ mile walk of BRT, light rail, heavy rail or ferry. OR  Locate near mix of uses - ¼ mile walk distance of 4 uses or ½ mile walk distance of 6 uses OR  Lower VMT Rates - Prove that the average rate of VMT per occupant of the project is lower (or will be lower) than the average rate for the metro region as a whole

Raimi & Associates, Inc. COMPACT DEVELOPMENT  Average residential density of 7 DUs per acre or greater AND  Average non-residential FAR of 0.50 or greater

Raimi & Associates, Inc. SMART LOCATION AND LINKAGE CREDITS  Brownfields Redevelopment  Preferred Locations  Reduced Automobile Dependence  Bicycle Network  Housing and Jobs Proximity  School Proximity  Steep Slope Preservation  Site Design for Habitat or Wetland Conservation  Restoration of Wetlands or Habitat  Conservation Management of Habitat or Wetlands

Raimi & Associates, Inc. Project Location  Infill and previously developed  Infill only  Adjacent and previously developed  Previously developed only  Adjacent only AND Street Network Grid Density (street centerline miles per square mile)  40 +    PREFERRED LOCATIONS (10 points)

Raimi & Associates, Inc. PREFERRED LOCATIONS (10 points)

Raimi & Associates, Inc. Locate near transit OR Locate in area with lower than average VMT AND car sharing (1 point) Total rides available per weekdayPoints earned 60 – – – — or more6 Percent of average regional per capita VMT or SOV mode sharePoints earned 71% to 80%2 61% to 70%3 51% to 60%4 41% to 50%5 40% or less6 REDUCED AUTO DEPENDENCE (7 points)

Raimi & Associates, Inc. NEIGHBORHOOD PATTERN AND DESIGN CREDITS  Compact Development  Diversity of Uses  Diversity of Housing Types  Affordable Rental and For Sale Housing  Reduced Parking Footprint  Walkable Streets  Street Network

Raimi & Associates, Inc. NEIGHBORHOOD PATTERN AND DESIGN CREDITS  Transit Facilities  Transportation Demand Management  Access to Surrounding Vicinity  Access to Public Spaces  Universal Accessibility  Local Food Production  Community Outreach and Involvement

Raimi & Associates, Inc.  Entry location  Building height-to-width ratio  Sidewalks  Street design speed  Building setback  Street-level building facades  On-street parking  Ground floor retail  Street trees WALKABLE STREETS (8 points)

Raimi & Associates, Inc. Residential Density (DU/acre)Non-residential Density (FAR).Points Available 10 to to < to to < to to < to to < to 60≥ 2.5 and higher5 61 to 70≥ 2.5 and higher6 > 71≥ 2.5 and higher7 COMPACT DEVELOPMENT (7points)

Raimi & Associates, Inc. AFFORDABLE HOUSING  Affordable Rental Housing ­ 15% of rental units at 50% area median income (AMI) ­ 30% at up to 80% AMI ­ 1 point each; 2 for both  Affordable For-Sale Housing ­ 10% of for-sale housing at up to 80% AMI ­ 20% at up to 120% AMI ­ 1 point each; 2 for both

Raimi & Associates, Inc. LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTION  Allow food-producing gardens  AND  Option 1: Dedicate space to neighborhood farms and gardens  Option 2: Purchase shares in a local Community Supported Agriculture Program  Option 3: Locate within ¼ mile of an existing farmers market.

Raimi & Associates, Inc.  Locate project within a 1/2 mile walk distance of ­ 2 uses (1 point) ­ 4 uses (2 points) ­ 7 uses (3 points) ­ 10 uses (4 points)  List of uses are defined as those that reduce auto use and increase walking DIVERSITY OF USES (4 points)

Raimi & Associates, Inc.  Certified Green Buildings  Energy Efficiency in Buildings  Reduced Water Use  Building Reuse and Adaptive Reuse  Reuse of Historic Buildings  Minimize Site Disturbance Through Site Design  Minimize Site Disturbance During Construction GREEN CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY CREDITS

Raimi & Associates, Inc.  Contaminant Reduction in Brownfield Remediation  Stormwater Management  Heat Island Reduction  Solar Orientation  On-Site Power Generation  On-Site Renewable Energy Sources  District Heating and Cooling  Infrastructure Energy Efficiency GREEN CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY CREDITS

Raimi & Associates, Inc.  Wastewater Management  Recycled Content and Reused Materials  Construction Waste Management  Comprehensive Waste Management  Light Pollution Reduction GREEN CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY CREDITS

Raimi & Associates, Inc. CASE STUDIES Dockside Green, Victoria, BC  11-acre brownfield site located in the heart of the City of Victoria  Four distinct character areas for a comprehensive mix of uses

Raimi & Associates, Inc. CASE STUDIES Dockside Green, Victoria, BC  Carshare program & mini-transit  On-site renewable energy  Potable water use reduction in buildings  100% sewage treatment on-site  No potable water use for irrigation  Green roofs  LEED buildings

Raimi & Associates, Inc. CASE STUDIES Dockside Green, Victoria, BC  Market assisted housing  Community advisory group  Large plaza/community amphitheater  North / south trail connection through the middle of the site

Raimi & Associates, Inc. CASE STUDIES King Farm, Rockville, MD  430 acres near existing development  Mixed-use, TND with historic architectural characteristics of the City of Rockville

Raimi & Associates, Inc. CASE STUDIES King Farm, Rockville, MD  Community shuttle bus  Locally provided materials  Adjacent to Shady Grove Metro station  Tree plantings  Affordable housing  Integrated network of sidewalks  Numerous pocket parks  Most homes with shallow setbacks and front porches

Raimi & Associates, Inc. CASE STUDIES - SCORECARD Dockside Green King Farm Prerequisites Location Efficiency2/2 Environmental Preservation5/54/5 (unless easement is purchased) Compact, Complete & Connected Neighborhood(s) 3/3 Resource Efficiency0/0 Totals10/109/10

Raimi & Associates, Inc. CASE STUDIES - SCORECARD Dockside Green King Farm Credits Location Efficiency25/2813/28 Environmental Preservation10/136/13 Compact, Complete & Connected Neighborhood(s) 27/4221/42 Resource Efficiency21/253/25 Innovation & Accredited Professionals5/64/6 Totals88/114 Gold 47/114 Certified

Raimi & Associates, Inc.  100 Points Total  Points By Category ­ Smart Location and Linkage (30 points) ­ Neighborhood Pattern and Design (40 Points) ­ Green Construction and Technology (30 Points) POINT ALLOCATION

Raimi & Associates, Inc.  Preferred Locations (10)  Walkable Streets (8)  Compact Development (7)  Reduce Automobile Dependence (7)  Diversity of Uses (4)  Housing and Jobs Proximity (3)  Street Network (2)  Bicycle Network (1)  Access to Surrounding Vicinity (1)  Access to Public Spaces (1)  Access to Active Public Spaces (1) CREDITS WITH GREATEST IMPACT ON HEALTH

Raimi & Associates, Inc. 3-STAGE CERTIFICATION 1.Preliminary Review – Pre-entitlement 2.Plan Certification – Post Entitlement 3.Certification of Completed Neighborhood Development – Post Construction

Raimi & Associates, Inc. IMPLICATIONS FOR COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING: 6 STRATEGIES FOR CHANGE

Raimi & Associates, Inc. REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK  4 Goals ­ Efficient growth ­ Multimodal transportation ­ Housing choices ­ Natural resource protection  Required Components ­ Land Use ­ Transportation ­ Water Resources ­ Parks and Open Space ­ Implementation

Raimi & Associates, Inc. #1: FOCUS AT A VARIETY OF SCALES  Region: Metropolis, City and Town  Neighborhood, District and Corridor  Block, Street, Building

Raimi & Associates, Inc. #2: LOCATE DEVELOPMENT IN APPROPRIATE LOCATIONS  Downtowns  Corridors  Mixed use centers  Transit-oriented development

Raimi & Associates, Inc. #3: UNDERSTAND BUILDING BLOCKS OF COMMUNITY  Divide city into its component parts  Map land use, design and form characteristics  Understand differences and similarities; strengths and issues  Understand if, how and when areas will change or stay the same

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#4: REDUCE RELIANCE ON LAND USE MAP  Map future patterns and structures to better represent ­ Mixed use ­ Transportation and land use integration ­ Relationship between urban and rural ­ Desired character and function of different parts of the city  Focus on 3 dimensional results of 2 dimensional plan

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#5: THINK IN NEW WAYS ABOUT INFRASTRUCTURE  Think in new (and old) ways about infrastructure  Treat streets and transit as shapers of place ­ Design networks to support walkability and desired block pattern ­ Create a foundation for context sensitive design ­ Address connectivity ­ Plan for transit service

Raimi & Associates, Inc. #6: INCORPORATE HEALTH THROUGHOUT PLAN  Add chapter on public health  Incorporate health into all components ­ Parks and Recreation ­ Open Space Protection ­ Housing  Plan for implementation ­ Zoning (form-based and conventional) ­ Government budgets ­ Street standards ­ Design guidelines

Raimi & Associates, Inc.  Built Environment is strongly linked to health outcomes  LEED-ND can be used as a public health tool  LEED-ND and health report can be used to guide planning and budgeting decisions ­ Comprehensive plans ­ District/neighborhood plans ­ Street design standards ­ Parks and open space plans ­ Indicators for change ­ Budget priorities of governments CONCLUSIONS

Raimi & Associates, Inc. Matt Raimi Raimi & Associates, Inc OR FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION