Gilmara Johnson Carolyn Singleton Stacy T. Feldstein

Participants will identify the sounds of American English, the symbols that represent them and their particular characteristics by listening to language patterns and sounds and analyzing language the groups.

1. An Arabic student asks, “Where is my baber?” 2. A Chinese student says, “Watch out for broken grass!” 3. A Serbian student says, “I vant to eat.” 4. A Czech student says, “I leave in Yanuary” 5. A Farsi student says, “When will you co back?” 6. A French student says, “I will stay with zem.” 7. A German student says, “I sink so.” 8. A Japanese student says, “It is bery good”. 9. A Korean student says, “I drive a zeep.” 10. A Spanish student says, “He is chort” 11. A Filipino Student says, “It is my pavorite” 12. A Turkish student asks, “Do I get a stigger?” 13. A Vietnamese student says, “I got two book.”

The study of speech sounds Mom: “Hold on” Toddler: “I’m holing don, I’m holing don.”

Languages differ to a greater or lesser degree in the inventory of speech sounds that words are built from. Our linguistic knowledge makes it possible to ignore non linguistic differences. (Background noise, interference)

Orthography = alphabetic spelling Phonetics = way for the same sound to be spelled with the same letter every time, and for any letter to stand for the same sound every time.

Sofa represents vowels in syllables that are not emphasized in speaking and whose duration is very short general, about reader reserved for the vowel sound in all reduced syllables

Bilabial: p b m Labiodental: f v Interdental: θ ð Alveolar: t d n s z l r Palatal: ʃ ʒ t ʃ d ʒ Velar: k g ŋ Uvulars: ʀ q ɢ Glottal: h ʔ

the constriction occurs by raising the front part of the tongue to the palate. mission [m ɪʃ ə n] Measure [m ɛʒ ə r] cheap [t ʃ ip] judge [d ʒʌ d ʒ ] yoyo [jojo]

sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate or velum The initial and final sounds of: kick [k ɪ k] gig [g ɪ g final sounds of: back [b ӕ k] bag [b ӕ g] bang [b ӕ ŋ]

produced by raising the back of the tongue to the uvula, the fleshy protuberance that hangs down in the back of our throats. The r in French is often a uvular trill symbolized by [ ʀ ]. The uvular sounds [q] and [ ɢ ] occur in Arabic. These sounds do not ordinarily occur in English.

[h] flow of air through the open glottis, and past the tongue and lips a vowel sound always follows [h] [ ʔ ] air is stopped completely at the glottis by tightly closed vocal cords glottal stop: interjection “uh-oh” [ ʔʌʔ o]

/p/ /b/ /m/ Bilabials /t/ /d/ /n/ Alveolars /k/ /g/ /ŋ/ Velars

VoicedVoiceless Air obstructionAir flows freely Vibration of vocal cordsNo vibration of vocal cords zzzzzzzzzzzzzsssssssssssssssssssssss

Velum down Air escapes through nose and mouth Nasal sound Velum up Air escapes through mouth only Oral sound mb

Activity: /t/ /s/= Describe place and manner of articulation What distinguishes them? StopsContinuants The airstream is completely blocked in the oral cavity The airstream flows continually through the mouth Affricates: A stop closure followed immediately by a slow release Fricatives: the airstream is forced through a constriction in the vocal tract causing friction Liquids: some obstruction of airstream, no real constriction /l/, /r/ Glides: (or semi-vowels)little obstruction of the airstream /j/, /w/

Test questions: Listen to the questions 8, 9, 10,11,12,13,14,15

#1 The first sound in each: a. judge [d ʒ ] b. Thomas [t] c. though [ð] d. easy [i] e. pneumonia [n] f. thought [θ] g. contact [k] h. phone [f] i. civic [s] j. usual [j]

#2: last sound in each a.fleece [s] b. neigh [eI] c. long [ŋ] d. health [θ] e. watch [t ʃ ] f. cow [a ʊ ] g. rough [f] h. cheese [z] i. bleached [t] j. rags [z]

a. physics [fIzIks] b. merry [meri] c. marry [mæri] d. Mary [meri] e. yellow [j ɛ lo] f. sticky [stIki] g. transcription [trænskrIp ʃ ə n] h. Fromkin [fr ə mkIn] i. tease [tIz] j. weather [w ɛ ð ə r] k. coat [kot] l. Rodman [radm ə n] m. heath [hiθ] n. “your name” [stesi] o. touch [t ə t ʃ ] p. cough [k ɔ f] q. larynx [lærIŋks] r. through [θru] s. beautiful [bjut ə f ə l] t. honest [an ə st] u. president [pr ɛ z ə d ə nt]

[hit] = heat [strok] = stroke [fez] = phase [ton] = tone [boni] = bony [skrim] = scream [frut] = fruit [prit ʃ ə r] = preacher [krak] = crack [baks] = box [θæŋks] = thanks [w ɛ nzde] = Wednesday [kr ɔ ld] = crawled [kant ʃ i ɛ nt ʃ ə s] = conscientious [parl ə m ɛ ntæri ə n] = parlimentarian [kw ə b ɛ k] = Quebec [pits ə ] = pizza [b ə rak obam ə ] = Barack Obama [d ʒɔ n m ə ken] = John McCain [tu θa ʊ z ə nd ænd et] = two thousand and eight