”قالوا سبحانك لا علم لنا إلا ما علمتنا إنك أنت العليم الحكيم“ بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم   ”قالوا سبحانك لا علم لنا إلا ما علمتنا إنك أنت العليم الحكيم“ صدق الله العظيم

Environmental Assessment Due to Heavy Metals Pollution from Phosphate fertilizer Industry Supervised by Prof. Dr. M. A. Ghandour Prof. Dr. M. Abuel-Kassem Dr. Ahmed Kamal Prepared by Ch / Thabet Ali Mohamed

1- Objectives of the study The study aims to: assess heavy metal pollution in soils in the adjoining area to the phosphate fertilizer plant and suggesting suitable solution for the present environmental impacts.

-Conducting researches on heavy metal pollution in soil is one of important issues worldwide. -Heavy metal do not go degradation, so they last many years in soil. -They affect microbial activity in soils, enzymes, prevent nutrients to be absorbed through plant rihzosphere zone. They may leach from soil to deteriorate groundwater depending on soil layers. they deplete soil quality by forming complexes with organic matter in soils.

Study area:

The phosphate fertilizer plant is located 9 km north of Assiut city with GPS (27 11 42 N , 31 7 11 E) built on about 20 sedans. The investigated area is lying downwind of the plant and much amounts of gases, fumes , vapours and particulates bearing heavy metals are deposited into soils of this area. The plant established 1978, till now there is no studies conducted to assess HMs and soil quality although impacts on plant , death of goats and sheep and visual signs of impaired environment.

Location and site description Fig. 1 : Geographical Map showing phosphate fertilizer location and the surrounding areas

Industrial Processes SSP TSP Sulfuric acid production unit Phosphoric acid production unit

Characteristics of wastes by farming

Characteristics of wastes by farming

3- Literature review Journals and periodicals Environmental sciences Environmental Engineering Environmental Analysis Environmental pollution control

4- Materials and Methods 4-1 Experimental work Air pollution Samples to detect Sox, NOx, H2S, HF, SiHF4, and PM10 Samples of particulates to detect heavy metals Collecting Samples to detect Sox, NOx, H2S, HF, SiHF4, and PM10 Water pollution Collecting samples from: 1- Industrial waste water end-point 2- Samples from Nile river. 3- Samples from Al-ebrahymia canal . 4- Samples from vertical tubes.

In water Samples the following parameters can be detected: PH, NH3, BOD, COD, TSS and TDS. detection of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, As and Ni. Soil Pollution Geochemical testes for heavy metals that mentioned above. Radio Activity Detection of U-238, Ra-226 and K-40. Meteorological measurements. Wind speed and direction, pressure, temperature and humidity

Locations of water and soil samples Fig. 2 : Geographical map represents the locations of water samples and soil samples positioned by GIS

4-2 Devices and techniques 1- ICP- AEM Fig. 3: ICP-MS unit

Fig.4: Evaluation of Minerals by XRD and XRF 3- Units for Evaluation and Testing Fig.4: Evaluation of Minerals by XRD and XRF

4- Evaluation of Samples by SEM & TEM Fig. 5: SEM & Tem units

5- Air pollution monitors Fig. 6: Gas analyzer

5- Discussion & Results Environmental Analysis of air samples Environmental Analysis of waste water samples Environmental Analysis of soil pollution.

Figure 7 (a) Example of SEM spectrum of a soil sample

Figure 7 (b) Example of SEM microstructure of the sample

Statistical Analysis References Permissible Limit % Maximum Average Minimum Element Control Sample Soil Samples Adriano.,1986 0.00002 0.006 9.01 0.002 3.990 N.D 0.510 Cd " 0.02 1.02 57.65 0.786 20.745 0.480 6.270 Pb 0.03 1.49 72.58 0.552 7.044 0.050 0.080 Zn - 2.28 26.92 1.390 16.593 1.020 7.570 Hg 0.004 0.007 18.98 5.360 N,D 0.540 As

Figure 8: Concentration of heavy metals compared with control and guideline values

Conclusion The phosphate fertilizer plant brings about serious heavy metal pollution problem. The soil is seriously polluted by heavy metals. The contents of Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg and As in soil reached a dangerous level where their concentration values surpassed those of the reference sample by significant values [10]. Cd and As are not detected in control sample and this refers that almost concentrations of the two elements do harm to the environment.

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