Soil Management and Crop Biomass Removal Impacts on Soil Organic Matter Content Krisztina Eleki, Richard M. Cruse, László Fodor, Lajos Szabó, and Sándor.

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Presentation transcript:

Soil Management and Crop Biomass Removal Impacts on Soil Organic Matter Content Krisztina Eleki, Richard M. Cruse, László Fodor, Lajos Szabó, and Sándor Holló

????????????????????????? Can we remove crop biomass and conserve soil organic matter content (humus)?

Why is this an important question? The U.S. government “Vision for Bioenergy and Bio-based Products in the United States” – from biomass by % of power, 20% of transportation fuels and 25% of chemicals

Why is this an important question? Much of biomass will come from agricultural land

What do we understand? Soil Organic Matter very important Sustainability Soil quality Crop production Soil and water conservation

What do we understand? Soil organic matter if organic matter added* Soil organic matter if biomass removed* * For simple cropping systems – one or two crop, one or two fertilizer management treatments

We do not understand interactions! Crop type Crop rotations Fertilizer management – root mass and microbial activity Manure applications – organic matter additions Tillage – microbial activity Root morphology (form) effects

Key – seeking evidence Can we harvest crop biomass? IF YES How much can we harvest? What is best management?

Objective Determine the effect of management practices on Soil Organic Matter (SOM) change with time Crop rotation Fertilizer management Manure application Crop biomass removal

Methods Location – Kompolt, Hungary, Rudolf Fleischmann Research Station - 47°45' N and 20°15' E Multifactor experiment – four replications Crop rotations (main plots) - 3 Fertilizer rate (splits of main plots) - 12 Fertilizer management (second split) - 3

Methods (cont.) Fertilizer rates – 12 Commercial fertilizer rates Manure application Biomass removal vs. no removal

Methods (cont.) Experiment 1961 – 2001 SOM measured: 0 – 30 cm depth Analysis of Variance

Results

Fertilizer P < SOM = 2.58%

Results Cont. Corn Four Crop Rotation P = SOM = 2.58%

Results 4 YR Corn, 4 Alfalfa Yearly Application 4 YR app., 4 YR none P <

Results No Manure Biomass Removal Manure – 35.2 Mg/ha Biomass Removal No Manure Biomass Incorp. P <

Conclusions Rotations ???? Fertilizer management Manure applications Biomass removal

Next Step Test 2 soil carbon models against this data Use best model to estimate SOM change across landscape in Iowa With different management With biomass removal