Boston Massacre- British troops shot into a hostile crowd of colonists in Boston, wounding eleven and killing five on March 5, Boston Tea Party- Political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston on December 16, Demonstrators destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company in defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, Chests of tea were thrown into Boston Harbor.

Battles of Lexington and Concord- First military engagements of the American Revolution on April 19, Marked the outbreak of open armed conflict between Britain and 13 colonies. Battle of Bunker Hill- Battle took place on June 17, 1775 around Breed’s Hill during the siege of Boston early in the American Revolution Valley Forge- In Pennsylvania where George Washington and American Continental Army spent the winter of

Declaration of Independence- adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776 which announced that the thirteen colonies regarded themselves as thirteen independent states.

Great Compromise- Agreement that was reached during the Constitutional convention of 1787 that defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. Popular Sovereignty-Principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained through the consent of its people through elected representatives

▪ 3/5 Compromise- Compromise reached on how slaves would be counted when determining a state’s total population for constitutional purposes. ▪ Sons of Liberty-Society that formed to protect rights of colonists and take to the streets against the abuses of the British government. Best know for the Boston Tea Party ▪ Loyalists/Tories-American colonists who remained loyal to British empire during the American Revolution.

Hessians- German auxiliaries that were contracted for military service by the British government during the American Revolution.

Daniel Shays/Shays’ Rebellion- Uprising against oppressive debt collection and tax polices in Massachusetts in 1786 and John Peter Zenger-Published the New York Weekly Journal which pointed out all the actions of the corrupt royal governor William Cosby. He went sent to trial. His trial was an important step towards freedom of the press.

“No taxation without representation”- Slogan in the 1750’s and 1760’s that summarized the primary grievance of the colonists which was one of the major causes of the American Revolution. Stamp Act- Act of Britain that required paper products produced in the colonies to be on stamped paper. The stamp tax had to be paid with British currency to help pay for the troops stationed in North America after 7 years’ war.

Tea Act- Act of Britain to reduce surplus of tea held by the financially troubled East India Tea Company. The Boston Tea party was an act of resistance towards this taxation. Goals of the Navigation Acts- Series of laws that restricted the use of foreign ships between Britain and the colonies.

Quartering Act – Act that ordered local governments of the American Colonies to provide British soldiers with any needed accommodations or housing. Declaratory Act- Act of Britain that repealed the Stamp Act because boycotts were hurting British trade and used the declaration to justify the repeal and save face.

Intolerable Acts- American Patriots’ name for the series of punitive acts passed by Britain after the Boston Tea Party. Meant to punish the colonists for their defiance. Articles of Confederation- Agreement among 13 founding states that established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution.

Northwest Ordinance of Created the Northwest Territory, the first organized territory of the United States, from lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains and south of the Great Lakes.