ECONOMIC MICRO-ECONOMIC USES OF ORGANISMS ABBOTTS COLLEGE

ECONOMIC USES OF BACTERIA 2 PAGE 2.14

3

ECONOMIC USES OF BACTERIA 4 PAGE 2.14 Hemp fibre Flax

ECONOMIC USES OF BACTERIA 5  Biological pest control  Eg control of moth caterpillars  Replace pesticides  Have no effects on humans and most other beneficial insects  Biological pest control  Eg control of moth caterpillars  Replace pesticides  Have no effects on humans and most other beneficial insects PAGE 2.14

ECONOMIC USES OF BACTERIA 6  Decompose sewage waste to harmless sludge PAGE 2.14

7

ECONOMIC USES OF BACTERIA 8  Food production  Eg making cheese  Food production  Eg making cheese PAGE 2.14

9

ECONOMIC USES OF BACTERIA 10  Make probiotics  Dietary supplements which contain beneficial bacteria that will assist digestion  Eg Lactobacillus and Bifido bacterium PAGE 2.14

11

FOR REVISION 12  TEXTBOOK PAGE 2.14 LEARNING ACTIVITY 12: ECONOMIC USES OF BACTERIA  TEXTBOOK PAGE 2.14 LEARNING ACTIVITY 12: ECONOMIC USES OF BACTERIA

ECONOMIC USES OF ALGAE 13  Seaweed extracts include:  Phycocolloids found in algal cell walls have gelling properties Used as gelling agents in food products eg instant puddings and also in cosmetics, medical drugs and insecticides Thickening and stabilizing agents eg dairy products, artificial dairy toppings and canned pet food To make agar plates used in laboratories for culturing bacteria  Seaweed extracts include:  Phycocolloids found in algal cell walls have gelling properties Used as gelling agents in food products eg instant puddings and also in cosmetics, medical drugs and insecticides Thickening and stabilizing agents eg dairy products, artificial dairy toppings and canned pet food To make agar plates used in laboratories for culturing bacteria PAGE 2.14 agar plate

ECONOMIC USES OF ALGAE 14  Seaweed extracts include:  Plant growth regulators which control growth and development of plants  Iodine from kelp can be included in mineral salt tablets  Natural pigments can be used as an alternative to chemical dyes and colouring agents  Nutrient extracts used in plant fertilizers  Seaweed extracts include:  Plant growth regulators which control growth and development of plants  Iodine from kelp can be included in mineral salt tablets  Natural pigments can be used as an alternative to chemical dyes and colouring agents  Nutrient extracts used in plant fertilizers

ECONOMIC USES OF ALGAE 15  Some seaweed is cultivated as a crash crop  Eg Nori used in Sushi rolls  Excellent source of minerals and vitamins  Freshly harvested kelp is used to feed cultured abalone  Nutritional supplements can be made from cultivated algae  Some seaweed is cultivated as a crash crop  Eg Nori used in Sushi rolls  Excellent source of minerals and vitamins  Freshly harvested kelp is used to feed cultured abalone  Nutritional supplements can be made from cultivated algae Nori abalone kelp

ECONOMIC USES OF ALGAE 16  Diatomaceous earth  A fine sediment from the walls of dead diatoms Used in toothpaste, sink cleaners and polishes with low abrasive properties  Crude oil and natural gas are the remnants of photosynthetic products of ancient algae  Oil producing algae are being grown as a potential alternative to fossil fuels  Diatomaceous earth  A fine sediment from the walls of dead diatoms Used in toothpaste, sink cleaners and polishes with low abrasive properties  Crude oil and natural gas are the remnants of photosynthetic products of ancient algae  Oil producing algae are being grown as a potential alternative to fossil fuels

ECONOMIC USES OF ALGAE 17  Seaweeds have the potential to contribute to sustainable employment opportunities and socio- economic upliftment  South Africa has an advantage when it comes to the marketing of seaweed and its products because our coasts are pollution free and we have a high biodiversity of seaweeds  Seaweeds have the potential to contribute to sustainable employment opportunities and socio- economic upliftment  South Africa has an advantage when it comes to the marketing of seaweed and its products because our coasts are pollution free and we have a high biodiversity of seaweeds

FOR REVISION 18 TEXTBOOK PAGE 2.15 LEARNING ACTIVITY 13: ECONOMIC USES OF ALGAE TEXTBOOK PAGE 2.15 LEARNING ACTIVITY 13: ECONOMIC USES OF ALGAE

ECONOMIC USES OF FUNGI 19  As a direct food source eg mushrooms  For the production of biological products such as:  Alcohols  Plant growth regulators for plant and fruit development  Enzymes Eg cellulases for industrial use and proteases – the active ingredient of detergents  As a direct food source eg mushrooms  For the production of biological products such as:  Alcohols  Plant growth regulators for plant and fruit development  Enzymes Eg cellulases for industrial use and proteases – the active ingredient of detergents proteases

ECONOMIC USES OF FUNGI 20  To produce drugs  Eg antibiotics to fight bacterial and fungal diseases – penicillin  To produce drugs  Eg antibiotics to fight bacterial and fungal diseases – penicillin Penicillin is one of the most well- known and widely used antibiotics

ECONOMIC USES OF FUNGI 21  To produce drugs  Drugs to control haemorrhage after birth eg ergometrine  Drugs to control colestrol levels and ward off coronary heart disease eg statins  To produce drugs  Drugs to control haemorrhage after birth eg ergometrine  Drugs to control colestrol levels and ward off coronary heart disease eg statins

ECONOMIC USES OF FUNGI 22  For fermentation processes  In the making of yoghurt, maas, bread, beer and wine  For fermentation processes  In the making of yoghurt, maas, bread, beer and wine

FOR REVISION 23 TEXTBOOK PAGE 2.16 LEARNING ACTIVITY 16: ECONOMIC USES OF FUNGI TEXTBOOK PAGE 2.16 LEARNING ACTIVITY 16: ECONOMIC USES OF FUNGI

24  THE END