TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Vittore Casarosa, Maurizio Martinelli, Rita Rossi, Daniele Vannozzi, Sterfano Trumpy Evolution of the Management of Top Level Domains: a case study of the.it domain TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Wednesday 24 May 2000 Network Policy and Regulation Stefano Trumpy

TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Vittore Casarosa, Maurizio Martinelli, Rita Rossi, Daniele Vannozzi, Sterfano Trumpy Mission of ICANN ICANN is a non-profit public benefit corporation, under the California Non-profit Public Benefit Corporation Law for charitable and public purposes. The Articles specify that "In recognition of the fact that the Internet is an international network of networks, owned by no single nation, individual or organiszation, ICANN shall pursue the charitable and public purposes of lessening the burdens of government and promoting the global public interest in the operational stability of the Internet by:

TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Vittore Casarosa, Maurizio Martinelli, Rita Rossi, Daniele Vannozzi, Sterfano Trumpy Mission of ICANN (i) coordinating the assignment of Internet technical parameters as needed to maintain universal connectivity on the Internet; (ii) performing and overseeing functions related to the coordination of the Internet Protocol ("IP") address space; (iii) performing and overseeing functions related to the coordination of the Internet domain name system ("DNS"), including the development of policies for determining the circumstances under which new top-level domains are added to the DNS root system; (iv) overseeing operation of the authoritative Internet DNS root server system”.

TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Vittore Casarosa, Maurizio Martinelli, Rita Rossi, Daniele Vannozzi, Sterfano Trumpy

TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Vittore Casarosa, Maurizio Martinelli, Rita Rossi, Daniele Vannozzi, Sterfano Trumpy Board of Directors of ICANN The Board of ICANN is composed of nineteen Directors (i) Three (3) Directors selected by the Address Supporting Organization (ii) Three (3) Directors selected by the Domain Name Supporting Organization (iii) Three (3) Directors selected by the Protocol Supporting Organization (iv) Nine (9) At Large Directors, consisting of the At Large members of the Initial Board or their successors (v) The appointed Cheaf Executive Officer

TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Vittore Casarosa, Maurizio Martinelli, Rita Rossi, Daniele Vannozzi, Sterfano Trumpy Board of Directors of ICANN The current geographical composition of the ICANN Board is as follows: North America:8 Europe:7 Asia Pacific:3 Latin America:1 Africa:--

TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Vittore Casarosa, Maurizio Martinelli, Rita Rossi, Daniele Vannozzi, Sterfano Trumpy More recent discussions in ICANN - introduction of new gTLDs - proposal of creation of.eu as an instrument to promote e- commerce in Europe - discussion on the role of the governments - ccTLD delegation - establishment of contractual relations between ICANN and the registries - establishment of the “at large membership”

TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Vittore Casarosa, Maurizio Martinelli, Rita Rossi, Daniele Vannozzi, Sterfano Trumpy The management of the ccTLD “.it” l Two different bodies: l The Naming Authority (NA) –Defines the naming regulations under.it –Has it’s own statute with the figures of a general assembly, an executive committee and a president l The Registration Authority (RA) –Register the domains under.it –Manages the WHOIS data base and the DNS for.it

TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Vittore Casarosa, Maurizio Martinelli, Rita Rossi, Daniele Vannozzi, Sterfano Trumpy Historical tips l The first TCP/IP node connected to the ARPAnet was established in 1986 at CNUCE/CNR in Pisa; the Institute was encharged to manage IP addresses and domain names for Italy l IP addresses function was later assumed by RIPE/NCC for Europe while the Institute for Telematic Applications of CNR assumed the role of the Registration Authority under.it

TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Vittore Casarosa, Maurizio Martinelli, Rita Rossi, Daniele Vannozzi, Sterfano Trumpy Present structure of the RA CORA (General Coordination Unit) CTRA (Technical Coordination Unit) RERA (External Relation Unit) ORA (Operative Coordination Unit) CRA (Dispute Unit) RIRA (International Relation Unit) SRA (Systems Unit)

TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Vittore Casarosa, Maurizio Martinelli, Rita Rossi, Daniele Vannozzi, Sterfano Trumpy Statistics History of registrations (updated to Dec. 1999)

TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Vittore Casarosa, Maurizio Martinelli, Rita Rossi, Daniele Vannozzi, Sterfano Trumpy The “liberalization” was introduced on Dec 15th it from a “closed” one became “open” to the EU countries - the limitation “one domain per organization” has been removed - physical persons have been allowed to register a single name

TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Vittore Casarosa, Maurizio Martinelli, Rita Rossi, Daniele Vannozzi, Sterfano Trumpy Statistics after Dec

TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Vittore Casarosa, Maurizio Martinelli, Rita Rossi, Daniele Vannozzi, Sterfano Trumpy Some consequences of the liberalization - dramatic increase in the registrations - emerging of a serious cybersquatting phenomenon concerning: - personal names - geographical names - common names - trademark or company names - increase of the disputes - increase of the attention of the government

TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Vittore Casarosa, Maurizio Martinelli, Rita Rossi, Daniele Vannozzi, Sterfano Trumpy What we have ahead of us - implementation of a model registry - registrars - applications of the best practice document for ccTLD managers - establishment of a contractual relation with ICANN - emerging of.eu and of new gTLDs

TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Vittore Casarosa, Maurizio Martinelli, Rita Rossi, Daniele Vannozzi, Sterfano Trumpy Evolution toward a certified electronic transation Registrant Registration Authority Provider Maintainer (Registrar) Responsibility of the RA Responsibility of the maintainer

TERENA Networking Conference 2000 Vittore Casarosa, Maurizio Martinelli, Rita Rossi, Daniele Vannozzi, Sterfano Trumpy Good reasons for NRNs to be interested in the Internet “governance” - NRNs do represent the most experienced Local Internet Community sector - some NRNs are directly involved in the management of their ccTLD - NRNs often act as advisory body of their government for emerging Internet policy regulations - NRNs could play a substantial role in the Non Commercial Domain Name Holder Constituency (NCDNHC) of the Domain Name Supporting Organization (DNSO) of ICANN - NRNs could be instrumental in promoting the participation of the LIC both in ISOC and in the ICANN at large membership