Buxton & District U3A Digital Photography Beginners’ Group 3 December 2013 Lesson 7:Controlling exposure / focal length / perspective / composition for a better picture & Taking Pictures of people © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Programme 19 SeptemberExploring your camera 1 OctoberYou’ve taken some pictures now what? (Viewing pictures; filing on your computer) 15 OctoberPrinting & Composing a better picture (part 1) 29 OctoberCamera modes/scenes & Composing a better picture (part 2) 5 NovemberSimple editing to improve your pictures 19 NovemberUnderstanding exposure 3 DecemberControlling exposure/focal length/perspective/composition for a better picture & Taking Pictures of people 17 DecemberEverything you want to know about digital photography but never dared ask. © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Last Time How to improve my pictures. Understanding Exposure © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Homework Go through Exercises 1-6 again at home in your own time. Make sure you feel comfortable with: Controlling exposure Freezing / blurring motion Controlling depth of field © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Exercise 1- Automatic Exposure 1.Set your camera to Auto mode. 2.Find where your camera tells you what shutter speed and aperture it is going to use when you are about to take a picture. 3.Take some pictures, taking particular notice of the shutter speed and aperture as you take each picture. 4.Take pictures in a variety of lighting conditions: i.Indoors and outdoors ii.Scenes with bright and dark areas iii.Sunny day & grey day (if you can find them!) iv.Sun behind you / sun in front of you. 5.Are you happy with the exposure in all of the pictures? ISO © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Exercise 2 - Exposure Compensation 1.Set your camera to program mode. 2.Find the exposure compensation adjustment on your camera (if you have one). 3.Try taking several pictures of the same scene at different exposures: i.Shoot the same scene with set to +2; +1; 0; -1; -2 ii.Try this with several different scenes iii.Find some scenes which have a both bright and dark areas ISO © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Exercise 3 – Shutter Speed 1.Set your camera to Shutter Priority 2.Find out how to adjust the shutter speed in this mode. 3.Change the shutter speed: i.Find the shutter speed and aperture on the camera display. ii.How does the camera tell you if it can’t set the aperture to get a correct exposure at your chosen shutter speed? 4.Take pictures of moving objects: i.Take some shots at fast shutter speed (1/250 or faster) ii.Take some shots at slow shutter speed (1/30 or slower) 5.Find out what happens at slow shutter speeds i.Zoom in as far as your camera will allow (longest focal length or highest “x” zoom) and shoot outdoors at shutter speeds of 1/30 or less. ii.Zoom out as far as your camera will allow (shortest focal length or 1x zoom) and shoot a similar scene at shutter speed of 1/30 or less. iii.Come indoors – how slow do you have to set the shutter speed to get a good exposure (without flash)? iv.Stay indoors – what happens when you take pictures at speed of around 1/10 or 1/15. ISO © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Exercise 4 – Aperture 1.Set your camera to Aperture Priority 2.Find out how to adjust the aperture in this mode. 3.Change the aperture: i.Find the shutter speed and aperture on the camera display. ii.How does the camera tell you if it can’t set the shutter speed to get a correct exposure at your chosen aperture? 4.Take pictures of scenes with object(s) in the foreground which are clearly separated from the background: i.Take shot at a wide aperture (f/4 or larger) ii.Take shot at small aperture (f/8 or smaller) 5.Take pictures in a range of lighting conditions. 6.Can you always find a viable shutter speed for the aperture you have chosen? ISO © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Exercise 5 – Manual Exposure 1.Set your camera to Manual Exposure (if you have one) 2.Find out how to adjust the aperture and shutter speed in this mode. 3.Find out how your camera tells you if the shutter speed / aperture combination gives a “correct” exposure. 4.Try taking a range of shots i.take pictures in various lighting conditions ii.“freeze” motion iii.show motion by “blurring” the image iv.isolate an object from the background (object in focus, background blurred) v.foreground and background both in focus 5.Do you have more of a range of shutter speed or aperture? ISO © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Exercise 6 – ISO 1.Find out how to adjust the ISO on your camera. 2.Set ISO to Auto. 3.Take pictures in a range of lighting conditions – note the ISO, shutter speed and aperture. 4.Choose the shutter speed (shake/freeze/blur) and aperture (depth of field) then see if you can adjust the ISO to get a correct exposure. 5.Take a picture with the lowest ISO you have and a similar picture with the highest ISO. Can you see any difference in quality of the image? ISO © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners This Time How to improve my pictures. Drawing together exposure / focal length / perspective Taking pictures of people © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Last Time -What affects Exposure How sensitive is the film (or digital detector) “Film Speed” How much light is there on the subject “Lighting” How big is the hole letting light into the camera “Aperture” For how long is the camera collecting light “Shutter speed” 4” 2” 1” 1/2” 1/250” 1/125” 1/60” 1/30” 1/16”1/8” 1/4” 1/500” ISO © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Summary (what have you got to tinker with) Exposure Brighter/Darker Depth of field Motion / Still ISO © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners The time before – Lenses etc. Focal length Magnification Angle of view Perspective Position Depth of field Distortion © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners 18 mm 1x 39 mm 2x 100 mm 5.5x 250 mm 14x Wide AngleTelephoto SLR Compact Magnification / Angle of view © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Perspective / Position (relative size of objects at different distances) How can I make the bollards look bigger? Zoom………. Or get closer. Relative sizes of bollard, car and road sign stay the same. Bollard has got relatively much larger than sign and house. © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Perspective / Depth of Field 45mm lens 1 m distance 140mm lens 3 m distance Wide angle and close to front bottle makes closer bottles appear relatively larger so parallel lines running along top and bottom of bottles come together quickly Long focal length and further from front bottle makes closer bottles appear relatively less difference in size so parallel lines running along top and bottom of bottles come together gradually © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Distortion © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Lenses Focal Length (Zoom) Distance from Subject Magnifi- cation Depth of field Angle of view Perspective ISO Exposure “Composition” Summary (what have you got to tinker with) © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners The time before that – Composition Some guidelines ………… © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners What’s in the picture –avoid distractions © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners 2. Avoid the middle/fill the frame © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners 3. “The rule of thirds” © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners 4. Frame the picture © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners 5. Leading lines © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Focal Length (Zoom) Distance from Subject Magnification Angle of view Perspective Summary (how to take the perfect picture) Brighter / Darker Depth of field Motion / Still ISO Things you changeaffect the picture Leading Lines Frame the picture Avoid middle / fill frame Rule of thirds Avoid distractions Guidelines help you decide what’s in the picture Just add creativity © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners This Time How to improve my pictures. Drawing together exposure / focal length / perspective Taking pictures of people © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Beware posed picture It’s a record of the day But There is lots of distracting background Its Dull !!!!! © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Beware Posed Pictures It’s a record of the day But I cringe Nice door handle! It’s Dull!! © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Beware posed pictures It’s a picture of Katie posing on her 9 th birthday It’s dull and it’s awkward © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Oh Dear! The subjects look awkward Paul is hidden in the shade Far too much going on – distracting from the subject © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners What Fill the frame Blur the background Highlight the subject Less awkward look How Zoom (fill frame/ helps blur / not in subject’s face) Use “portrait” setting or large aperture (blur background) Don’t pose (he knew I was shooting but this is one of series walking down street.) Use light to highlight subject © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners What Isolate the subject Keep the context How Stand a long way back and use Zoom (helps blur / not in subject’s face) Use “portrait” setting or large aperture (blur background and foreground to isolate subject) Don’t pose (she knew I was shooting but I was a long way off.) © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Unconventional views © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Unconventional views Unusual angle Looking away from the camera Looks natural Fill the frame © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Capture the action © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Capture the action © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Candid shots Long telephoto And cropped © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Telephoto – camera is not in her face Background slightly blurred Use the light to highlight the subject © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Candid shots Not posed Looking away from the camera Use the light to highlight the subjects © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Homework 1.Go through your pictures: a.Find some that you don’t think are so good. What could you have done differently to improve them? b.Find some that are better. What was different? Why did they work? 2.Take some pictures of people between now and the next session. Bring some along. 3.Select one photo you think is not good and one which is good. Bring to next meeting or to by Monday 16 th December © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Homework Photo competition - 3 pictures in each of 3 categories: 1.People – portrait, group picture, action, candid etc. 2.Places – buildings or landscapes 3.Open – any subject you like Send your 9 entries to by Sunday 15th December (or arrange to deliver otherwise e.g. via cloud storage or deliver memory card to my © Copyright John Estruch

Buxton & District Digital Photography Beginners Next Time Everything you wanted to know about digital photography but never dared ask – Recap of what we have done – Your questions answered Photo competition – Competition portfolios. – Competition winners. © Copyright John Estruch