ILLUMINISM WHAT PROVOKED IT FIRST ENLIGHTENMENT THOUGHT LEGACY POSTIVISM CONCLUSION

Illuminism or The Enlightenment Intellectual movement "Glorious Revolution" in England (1688) until French Revolution (1789) Illuminati -- the exponents of the Enlightenment Against the philosophy of the Dark Ages. new philosophy - age of enlightenment - use and the celebration of reason

Scientific Revolution of the 1500s and 1600 flawed set of “scientific” beliefs established by the ancients and maintained by the Church discover and convey the true laws governing the phenomena they observed in nature.

Key People Galileo Galilei - Italian astronomer who supported the sun-centered Copernican model of the solar system, angering the Catholic Church Johannes Kepler - German astronomer who discovered laws of planetary motion Francis Bacon - English scholar who developed inductive method of reasoning René Descartes - French mathematician and philosopher who revolutionized algebra and geometry, developed deductive method Isaac Newton - English mathematician and physicist who formulated fundamental laws of gravity and motion

Not limited to innovations in philosophy, literature, mathematics, and science Also developments in economics, law, industrial technology, women’s rights, humanitarianism, and music.

During the Scientific Revolution………. new innovation - physics, philosophy, earth science, astronomy, and mathematics significant, the methods of scientific exploration inductive and deductive reasoning observe-hypothesize-experiment methodology -scientific method. work of Newton - showed that scientific thought and methods could be applied to nonscientific

Deductive research gave us penicillin & computer networks Analytical induction gave us acupuncture & social networks

Conclusion Scientific advances - foundation for modern thought, while political centuries-old traditions in Europe greater freedom, greater opportunity, and generally more humane treatment for all individuals Enlightenment arguably marked the first time that Western civilization truly started to become civilized. Galileo - observation was a necessary element of the scientific method—a point that Francis Bacon (1561–1626) solidified with his inductive method. Sometimes known as the Baconian method, inductive science stresses observation and reasoning as the means for coming to general conclusions. Descartes’ deductive approach to philosophy, using math and logic, stressed a “clear and distinct foundation for thought” that still remains a standard for problem solving. Englishman Isaac Newton (1642–1727), calculus. Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687) gravity and three laws of motion

Enlightenment stood for: Individualism Relativism Rationalism