Solids - have their own definite shape and volume. States of Matter The physical forms of matter, either solid, liquid, or gas, are called the states of matter. Solids - have their own definite shape and volume. Liquids - have a definite volume but take the shape of the container. Section 3-1

States of Matter (cont.) Gases - have no definite shape or volume. -They expand to fill their container. Vapor - the gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or liquid at room temperature. Section 3-1

Shape Volume Solids Liquids Gases

Physical Properties of Matter Physical property - a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition. Section 3-1

Physical Properties of Matter (cont.) Extensive properties - dependent on the amount of substance present. Examples: Intensive properties - independent of the amount of substance present. Examples of extensive: mass, volume, length Examples of intensive: density No matter how much of it you have, the property stays the same. Section 3-1

Physical Changes A change that alters a substance without changing its composition is known as a physical change. Example: Phase change - transition of matter from one state to another. Examples: Examples: Boiling, freezing, and melting all describe phase changes and physical changes in chemistry. Section 3-2

Chemical Changes A change that involves one or more substances turning into new substances is called a chemical change. Examples: Chemical changes - Decomposing, rusting, exploding, burning, or oxidizing are all terms that describe Section 3-2

The mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products. Conservation of Mass Law of conservation of mass - mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction; it is conserved. The mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products. Example: Burning wood. -Reactants: -Products: Reactants = wood and oxygen Products = ash, water vapor, and CO2 Section 3-2

Mixture - a physical blend of two or more compounds. Mixtures Mixture - a physical blend of two or more compounds. Examples: Chicken noodle soup and salad vs. juice and air Section 3-3

Heterogeneous mixture – the individual substances remain distinct. Mixtures (cont.) Heterogeneous mixture – the individual substances remain distinct. Homogenous mixture - the composition is constant throughout. Also called solutions. -Chicken soup not uniform throughout, and you might get more chicken in one bite than another. -Juice uniform, a sip at the top is the same as the bottom. Section 3-3

Mixtures (cont.) Section 3-3

Separating Mixtures Filtration – separates solid from liquid in a heterogeneous mixture. Example: Distillation - separates homogeneous mixtures based on boiling points differences. Filtration example – strainer Distillation ex) boiling salt water. Section 3-3

Elements can never be separated. Element -a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means. Elements can never be separated. Periodic table – organizes elements into horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns called groups. Section 3-4

Circle an element and label a period and a group.

Compound - made up of two or more elements combined chemically. Compounds Compound - made up of two or more elements combined chemically. Table salt, NaCl, and water, H2O, are compounds. Compounds can be broken by chemical means. Why isn’t NaCl a homo mixture? Because we didn’t drop Na and Cl cubes into a container and mixed it up. In juice, you pour in cranberry juice, pour in apple juice, physical change, and now we have one thing. Na and Cl were fused together in salt, chemical change. Section 3-4

Compounds (cont.) The properties of a compound are different from its component elements. Example – Water – 2 gases forming a liquid. Section 3-4

Is color an extensive or intensive property? Review: Is color an extensive or intensive property? Which state of matter has a definite volume, but no definite shape? You notice that the road kill you pass everyday is slowly disappearing. Is this a physical or chemical change? Write the Law of Conservation of Mass as an equation. Is my burrito from Chipotle homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture? If I want to get out the minerals in my water, what type of separating technique would I use? Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are in the same (group or period). Intensive Liquids Chemical massreactants = massproducts Hetero Distillation Period

End of Section 3-4

Section 3.1 Properties of Matter Key Concepts The three common states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. Physical properties can be observed without altering a substance’s composition. Chemical properties describe a substance’s ability to combine with or change into one or more new substances. External conditions can affect both physical and chemical properties. Study Guide 1

Section 3.2 Changes in Matter Key Concepts A physical change alters the physical properties of a substance without changing its composition. A chemical change, also known as a chemical reaction, involves a change in a substance’s composition. In a chemical reaction, reactants form products. The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction; it is conserved. massreactants = massproducts Study Guide 2

Section 3.3 Mixtures of Matter Key Concepts A mixture is a physical blend of two or more pure substances in any proportion. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures. Mixtures can be separated by physical means. Common separation techniques include filtration, distillation, crystallization, sublimation, and chromatography. Study Guide 3

Section 3.4 Elements and Compounds Key Concepts Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Elements are organized in the periodic table of the elements. Compounds are chemical combinations of two or more elements and their properties differ from the properties of their component elements. Study Guide 4

Section 3.4 Elements and Compounds (cont.) Key Concepts The law of definite proportions states that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportions. The law of multiple proportions states that if elements form more than one compound, those compounds will have compositions that are whole-number multiples of each other. Study Guide 4

A B C D Which of the following is NOT a physical property of water? A. Ice melts at 0°C. B. Water boils at 100. C. Water reacts violently with pure sodium. D. Water is a liquid at room temperature. A B C D Chapter Assessment 1

28. 0 grams of nitrogen gas reacts completely with 6 28.0 grams of nitrogen gas reacts completely with 6.0 grams of hydrogen to form 34.0 grams of ammonia. What does this demonstrate? A. the law of conservation of energy B. sublimation C. distillation D. the law of conservation of mass A B C D Chapter Assessment 2

A B C D What is the best way to separate salt dissolved in water? A. sublimation B. crystallization C. freezing D. filtration A B C D Chapter Assessment 3

A B C D Two or more elements chemically joined form what? A. substance B. heterogeneous mixture C. homogenous solution D. compound A B C D Chapter Assessment 4

A B C D What is the ratio of oxygen to carbon in carbon dioxide (CO2)? Chapter Assessment 5

A B C D Which is NOT a chemical reaction? A. a car rusting B. dissolving sugar in water C. wood burning D. a banana ripening A B C D STP 1

A B C D Which describes a substance that is in the liquid state? A. It has a definite shape. B. It has no definite volume. C. It can be compressed into a smaller volume. D. It has a definite volume. A B C D STP 2

A B C D Elements in the same period are likely to have similar ____. A. physical properties B. densities C. chemical properties D. melting points A B C D STP 3

A B C D Filtration is an easy way to separate what? A. heterogeneous mixture B. homogeneous mixture C. compounds D. solutions A B C D STP 4

Compounds can be broken into their component elements by which of the following? A. crystallization B. distillation C. filtration D. chemical reaction A B C D STP 5

Click on an image to enlarge. IB Menu

IB 1

IB 2

IB 3

IB 4

IB 5

IB 6

IB 7

IB 8

Figure 3.4 Three Common States of Matter Figure 3.10 Conservation of Mass Table 3.3 Types of Solution Systems CIM

Click any of the background top tabs to display the respective folder. Within the Chapter Outline, clicking a section tab on the right side of the screen will bring you to the first slide in each respective section. Simple navigation buttons will allow you to progress to the next slide or the previous slide. The Chapter Resources Menu will allow you to access chapter specific resources from the Chapter Menu or any Chapter Outline slide. From within any feature, click the Resources tab to return to this slide. The “Return” button will allow you to return to the slide that you were viewing when you clicked either the Resources or Help tab. To exit the presentation, click the Exit button on the Chapter Menu slide or hit Escape [Esc] on your keyboards while viewing any Chapter Outline slide. Help

This slide is intentionally blank. End of Custom Shows