LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN LINGUISTICS AND IT’S FIELDS linguistics I love being on top!

Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: Linguistics Fields of linguistics:  Descriptive linguistics  Theoretical linguistics  Applied linguistics Language:  dialects, pidgins, creoles

Review: Language, Languages and Speech FRENCHENGLISH “Langage”Language/ability innateabilitylearnproduce The innate ability to learn and produce language/code. Natural, universal and innate ability (amongst humans). “Langue(s)”Language(s)/code codesystemconsensus A code or system, used by consensus. Ex: different languages (French, English, Spanish, Greek, etc.). Collective Collective (used within a language group, speakers of the language) “Parole”Speech act of speaking The individual act of speaking (Concrete use of the language/code). Ex: “Please stop the bus!” Individual Individual.

Review: Grammar What do we mean by: Generality Parity Universality Mutability Inaccessibility

HOMEWORK: Possible words in English Which of the following forms are possible words of English? a. Mbood b. Frall c. Coofp d. Ktleem e. Sproke f. Flube g. Wordms h. Bsarn Exercise # 3 (O’Grady, p. 13)

UP FOR A CHALLENGE ? T HE F IELDS OF L INGUISTICS : Try to find ways in which linguistics could be useful for your field of study (or even for your own personal interest).

Describe this object:  Write on a piece of paper. You have all given different descriptions since you looked at it in a different perspective. The same can be said about language !

The same can be said about language … One « object », in other words « language », but different perspectives …

PERSPECTIVE GRAMMAR Grammar: - Panini - 1 st grammar - Sanskrit (4th century BC) - To preserve sacred writings - Greek - Latin and French - And today …

THE EARLY DAYS OF THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE 1. Philology (anthropology through ancient writings) ancient civilisations - Objet: ancient civilisations 2. Historical linguistics language(s) and - Objet: language(s) and it’s/their evolution 3. Comparative linguistics: comparison - Objet: comparison languages BETWEEN languages

COMPARATIVE LINGUISTICS languages Comparative Linguistics (examples: languages ):

COMPARATIVE LINGUISTICS dialects Comparative Linguistics (examples: French dialects ): Picard :  CHAT: « ka » rather than « sha » (chat : ch'cat [ka]),  MERCI: [ke] / [ki] > [che] / chi (ex : merchi).  BOIS: [ei] > [oi] > [oe] > [o] (le bois : ch'bos) Francian :  BOIS: [ei] > [oi] > [we] > [wa] : le bois  MERCI: [ki] > [si] (merci) Dialects of the XVI th and XVII th centuries,

THE MODERN STUDY OF LANGUAGE Linguistics

What Is Linguistics? Saussure Ferdinand de Saussure :  Founder  Founder of modern linguistics.  His students published his course notes in  Cours de linguistique générale.  Language: Code & social institution

What Is Linguistics? scientific human language “The scientific study of human language.” structure sounds meaning history cultural Scientific study of language, covering the structure (morphology and syntax; see grammar), sounds (phonology, phonetics), and meaning (semantics), as well as the history of the relations of languages to each other and the cultural place of language in human behavior.

Theoretical Linguistics Theoretical linguistics 1. Phonetics 2. Phonology 3. Morphology 4. Syntax 5. Semantics 6. Pragmatics

Applied Linguistics Descriptive linguistics Anthropological linguistics Comparative linguistics Historical linguistics Etymology · Phonetics Sociolinguistics Computational linguistics Forensic linguistics Language acquisition Language assessment Language development Language education Linguistic prescription Linguistic anthropology Neurolinguistics Psycholinguistics Stylistics

"Fields of Linguistics" Files  Read the information on each of these fields of linguistics.  Fill out this information:  Name of field  Short definition  What other field(s) is it linked to  Example  Other information  Pass along to next team …  The next team will:  Read the information contained in the file and make necessary corrections.  Give it back to the initial group, who will get ready to present the information to the class.

FIELDS OF LINGUISTICS SOCIOLINGUISTICS

FIELDS OF LINGUISTICS ETHNOLINGUISTICS Benjamin Lee Whorf

FIELDS OF LINGUISTICS DIALECTOLOGY Atlas linguistique de la Basse-Bretagne (sud-ouest de la France)

FIELDS OF LINGUISTICS PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

FIELDS OF LINGUISTICS LEXICOGRAPHY

FIELDS OF LINGUISTICS LANGUAGE PLANNING

FIELDS OF LINGUISTICS NEUROLINGUISTICS

FIELDS OF LINGUISTICS FORENSIC LINGUISTICS: crimes language data evidence The use of linguistic techniques to investigate crimes in which language data constitute part of the evidence  Ex: In 1950 Timothy Evans was hanged for a murder, but then granted a posthumous pardon in 1966.

UP FOR A CHALLENGE !!! How can linguistics be useful to you in your field of study (or even for your own personal interest).

E XPLAIN What do I mean by this adaptation of this cartoon? linguistics I love being on top!

For Next Class What we will see: Homework: Reading: Reminder:

H AVE A NICE DAY ! God bless you! “Now to him who is able to keep you from stumbling and to present you blameless before the presence of his glory with great joy, to the only God, our Savior, through Jesus Christ our Lord, be glory, majesty, dominion, and authority, before all time and now and forever. Amen.” (Jud 1:24-25 )

Matériel nécessaire Ce dont j’ai besoin pour ce cours:  Photocopies :  Affiches :  Livres :  Autres :

Contemporary Linguistics Analysis : p. 7.