WHS AP Psychology Unit 4: Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness Essential Task 4-2 :Describe the sensory process of vision including the specific.

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Presentation transcript:

WHS AP Psychology Unit 4: Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness Essential Task 4-2 :Describe the sensory process of vision including the specific nature of energy transduction (rods and cones and the trichromatic theory of color vision), relevant anatomical structures (cornea, pupil, iris, lens, retina, optic nerve, blind spot and fovea) and specialized pathways in the brain (opponent process theory of color vision and the occipital lobe).

Sensation Vision The Eye Theories Hearing The Ear Theories Other Senses Smell Taste Pain Gestalt Principles Perceptual Constancies Perception Basic Principles Visual Illusions Depth Perception We are here

States of Consciousness Altered States of Consciousnes s Waking Consciousness Daydreaming and Fantasy Sleep Circadian Rhythm Stages/REM Dreams Disorders Drug-Altered Consciousnes s Depressants Hallucinogens Stimulants Hypnosis Hidden Observer Actor Meditation Substance Abuse

Essential Task 4-2: Vision - relevant anatomical structures –Path light travels (cornea, pupil, iris, lens, and retina)Path light travels –optic nerve, blind spot and foveaoptic nerveblind spot fovea –Transduction (rods and cones)Transductionrods and cones Color Vision –The trichromatic theory of color visiontrichromatic theory Color Blindness –Opponent process theory of color visionOpponent process After-Image Effect Outline

Path light travels through the eye. Outline

Find your blind spot Take your right hand touch your index finger to your nose and then extend the arm all the way out keeping your finger extended. Stare at a point on the far wall beyond that finger Move the finger to the right by about 6 inches (up and down slightly) until you see the tip of the finger disappear into the blind spot Outline

Fovea Central fovea (Fovea Centralis) is responsible for visual acuity and color sensitivty. The green and red cones are concentrated in the fovea centralis. The ‘Blue’ cones are mostly found outside the fovea centralis. Outline

Transduction occurs in the Retina Outline

Rods and Cones Outline

Trichromatic Color Theory We see color due to the R ED G REEN B LUE Cones in the retina Outline

Color Blindness Dichromatic Problems with reds and greens Dichromatic Problems with Blues and Greens Dichromatic problems with reds and greens Outline

Color Blindness Tests Outline

Mantis Shrimp 12 different cones! Outline

Mantis Shrimp Outline

Mantis Shrimp Debunked! “We tested their ability to discriminate between colors that differ a lot – such as red and blue – and then changed to colors that got closer and closer together along the spectrum – red-green, red- yellow, red-orange – and noted when they started to make mistakes,” Ms Thoen said. “Results were also compared to a number of other animals, including humans, bees, fish and butterflies, and although theoretically they should be better than all of them, they are far worse.” 11 Outline

Opponent Process Theory Further up in the optic nerve, neurons work in pairs to help process color vision signals. Red-Green = Xmas Blue-Yellow = Beach Black-White = Oreo Outline

Opponent Process theory helps us explain the after-image effect Outline

Neuroscience of ghosts! Outline

Alas poor Yorick it was an after- image! Outline