Cell Structure and Function Adapted from Pearson/Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Cells and Heredity

Elodea Cell Cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living things. Red Blood Cells Some living organisms have only one cell and some have trillions. www.ucmp.berkeley.edu www.ucmp.berkley.edu

Before we knew anything about cells, people believed in a theory called “Spontaneous Generation.” The theory states that living things can come from non-living things. Oddly, the theory made sense to many. Frogs came from mud, after all, there are frogs by ponds . Mice came from straw, after all, all barns and houses had straw and mice. Maggots came from rotting meat, after all, there were always maggots on rotting meat. First Microscope maestroviejo.wordpress.com

The microscope changed everything The microscope changed everything. It redefined what we thought, what we knew, and even who we were. A microscope is an instrument that uses curved glass to bend light and magnify objects. It was invented in the late 1590s. Many used light to illuminate objects and more than one lens to magnify. These are called compound microscopes. Robert Hooke’s Microscope www.micro.magnet.fsu.ed

1. All living things are made of cells. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek observed living cells he called ‘animalcules.’ The Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things. 3. All cells are made from other living cells. As with many scientific discoveries, the Cell Theory was revolutionary for its time. http://technologybiology.blogspot.com/2011/05/,anton-van-leeuwenhoek.html, internetlooks.com, technologybiologyblogspot.com Van Leeuwenhoek’s first animalcule diagrams and microscope

Cell Wall Cell Wall 1. Function – protect cell, support cell so plant can stand up straight 2. Touch but flexible 3. Made of cellulose Cell Membrane 1. Function – to control what enters and exits cell 2. Selective permeability – to ability to select what substances enter and exit cell 3. In both plant and animal cells Cell Membrane Bmswestfordk12.us, dymzwordl.com

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm 1. Function – to cushion organelles, give body and support to cell 2. Gel like substance in the area between the nucleus and cell membrane   Nucleus 1. Function – to direct all cell activity 2. Functions like a brain or operative system in a computer 3. Contains chromatin, DNA, coded instructions Nucleus Bmswestfordk12.us

Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria 1. Function – to make energy for the cell 2. Power house 3. Rod, peanut shaped 4. Number of mitochondria depends on how much energy the cell needs Endoplasmic Reticulum 1. Function – transports protein 2. Maze of tubular passage ways Mitochondria Bmswestfordk12.us

Ribosome Ribosome 1. Function – makes protein 2. Located either on the endoplasmic reticulum or floating freely in cytoplasm Golgi Bodies 1. Function – to package and transport different substances needed by cell 2. Flatten groups of sacs and tubes 3. Acts like “UPS’   Golgi Bodies www.pleasanton.k12.ca.us

Vacuole Vacuole 1. Function – holds substances, acts like a storage tank 2. Holds mostly water and food 3. Vacuoles in plants are big Lysosome 1. Function – to digest or recycle material in cell 2. Small and round 3. Contains enzymes that actually break down substances 4. Responsible for tadpole legs disappearing as frog grown bigger Lysosome

Plant Cell Diagram Chloroplast 1. Function – container for chlorophyll, serve as site for photosynthesis 2. Function of chlorophyll is to capture energy from sun so that plant can make its own food 3. Photosynthesis – the process by which plants make their own food 4. Glucose is a type of sugar 5. Always green 6. In plants and a few single celled animals Actual Chloroplasts

Plant and Animal Cell Comparison Plant Cells Chloroplasts Larger Vacuoles Cell Membrane Regular Shape Always Green Animal Cells No Chloroplasts or green color Smaller Vacuoles Irregular Shape

Vocabulary – What do you know? Cell - Organelle - Compound Microscope - Cell Wall - Cell Membrane - Selective Permeability - Nucleus - Chromatin - Nucleolus - Cytoplasm - Mitochondria - Endoplasmic Reticulum - Ribosome - Golgi Bodies - Chloroplast - Vacuole - Lysosome -