Politics in São Paulo

Montage of City Views

São Paulo – High Rise Built Environment  Founded by the Jesuits in 1554  Evolved into a wealthy city at the end of the 19 th century became -  Coffee plantations in surrounding areas highly productive  industrial and financial center of Brazil generating over 30% of the GNP.

Preifeitura de São Paulo  Sao Paulo: the largest city in South America  Population of the municipio - 10 million  Metropolitan area population (18 million)  City surrounded by squatter settlements  Sits on a high plateau close to the Atlantic Coast

Built Environment & Political Subdivisions  Sao Paulo (urban built environment)  Subdivisions of City

Affluent and Favelados live side by side

São Paulo: Economic Engine of South America  GDP of municipio$ 260 billion dollars in  Seat of Brazil’s stock exchange  More manufacturing than any other Brazilian city in South America  Center of advanced technology

Bovespa Holding: Sao Paulo  On May 8, 2008, Bovespa Holding announced the merger of the São Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa) and the Brazilian Mercantile and Futures Exchange (BM&F), creating the world's third largest stock exchange. [4]Brazilian Mercantile and Futures Exchange [4]  Chicago's CME Group owns an approximate 5% stake in BM&F Bovespa, and in turn, BM&F owns a 1.7% stake in CME Group.CME Group

Local Government in São Paulo  São Paulo municipio is governed by a mayor and city council.  Mayoral and council elections alternate at two-year intervals mayor and council members each serving four-year terms.  The city is the seat of the state government.  Many national government agencies have offices in São Paulo consulates representing countries in all parts of the world are located there.

Metropolitan São Paulo: political dimension  São Paulo influences politics throughout Brazil  Recruitment of national leaders  Money  Technical expertise  Mayor of São Paulo  Player on national political stage  Rivalry with state governor

2003 election for Prefect (mayor): High Stakes Municipal Politics  São Paulo mayoral race held significance for the 2006 presidential race  PSDB candidate Jose Serra wanted a second crack at the presidency  Prefect Marta Suplicy PT party of Lula (President of Brazil) identified with interests of the urban poor

Election for Prefeito (2004): The Incumbent  Marta Suplicy

Marta Suplicy: Curriculum  Most high profile female elected female office holder of Worker’s Party (PT)  Spouse a prominent senator  Political career championed the urban poor  Committed to improving quality of life in the favelas  International profile

Marta Suplicy Accomplishments  Tamed São Paulo’s urban bus mafia  Created numerous preschools for poor children

Controversy Surrounding Marta  Traditionalists call her an “ill-brought up hussy”  Ties to USA  Professional career as sexologist rankles the church

Marta Suplicy: Other Liabilities  Divorcing long term spouse of husband for a “trophy” husband  Publicity chief arrested at an illegal cockfight  Electoral Consequences : down 10% points in polls going into final month of campaign

Jose Serra  The Challenger

Electoral Issues: 2003 Race for Prefeito Sao Paulo  Transportation  Political disorganization  Crime & public safety  Education  Energy crisis  Poverty & unemployment

Transportation  Construction of new freeways/traffic arteries cannot keep up with the proliferation of motor vehicles,  There are few maps of the city ’ s underground infrastructure  work gangs often drill into gas, sewage, water and power lines  leakage of poisonous gases, explosions and flooding

Political Disorganization  São Paulo ’ s rapid growth  Exacerbated by confused and overlapping political jurisdiction  Metropolitan area almost ungovernable  Civil society in the metropolitan area is fragmented and weak.

Administrative Disorganization  Maze of superimposed administrative districts blur lines of responsibility.  Strained the capacity of its government institutions to deliver services efficiently

Crime and Public Safety  failures are in public security most severe in areas where state authorities have exclusive or dominant responsibilities  poor supervision of these bureaucracies as they operate in the metropolitan area  Low morale  pay is low  training is poor  turnover high  performance-related incentives missing from daily routines

Violent crime: a serious problem  Population of metro São Paulo increased by one- third between  Number of homicides rose by 144%.  Most of the 11,460 homicides recorded in Greater São Paulo (in 1999) arose from trivial disputes

Quality of Public Education  Most of its 10.7 million residents of the city (between the ages of 5 and 39) are engaged in some kind of classroom activity  Either as students or teachers  Municipality of São Paulo alone operates more than 800 kindergartens and primary schools with some 800,000 pupils.

Public Education: State within the Prefeitura  The state government of São Paulo runs its own parallel system  Embraces another 900,000 pupils in primary instruction and some 500,000 in secondary education, within the Municipality of São Paulo  Focus on marginalized children  Of the 4.1 million students in primary and secondary education in Greater São Paulo, less than 14% are in private schools  Building of public schools in the favelas expanded enormously  Poses collossal management problems

Energy  Nuclear technology (seven plants) a means to reduce energy shortages?  Controlled by national government  Offshore hydrocarbon reserves found/exploited  Petroleum provides 43 percent  Natural gas 7.6 percent  Diversified scheme already in place  41 percent of Brazil's energy sources are renewable  14 percent is hydro  27 percent is biomass, with sugarcane growing fast

Brazil's Ruling Party (PT) Loses the São Paulo Mayoralty  Marta Suplicy  Workers' Party (PT)  45 % of total vote

Government in São Paulo  São Paulo is governed by a mayor and city council.  Mayoral and council elections alternate at two-year intervals mayor and council members each serving four-year terms.  The city is the seat of the state government.  Many national government agencies have offices in São Paulo consulates representing countries in all parts of the world are located there.

Candidate of middle class defeats candidate of Workers’ Party Jose Serra Sworn in as Mayor of São Paulo  Serra - the Social Democratic Party (PSDB) - 55 percent of the vote  On March 31, 2006, Serra announced his candidacy for governor of São Paulo.

Gilberto Kassab  Liberal Front Party (Partido da Frente Liberal  Elected on ticket with Jose Serra  Served until 2008 election  Confirms alliance of right and center-right political parties

2008 Election for Prefeito de São Paulo  Kassab wins  Implications for 2010 presidential race  Serra strengthened in quest for PSDB presidential nomination  PT retained presidency  PT determined to neutralize opposition strength deriving from control of the prefeitura of São Paulo

Jose Sérra: Governor of Sao Paulo State & Presidential Candidate  Leader of the Party of Brazilian Social Democracy (PSDB)  Former governor of São Paulo state  Former Mayor of São Paulo  Defeated twice in Brazilian Presidential elections (2002 and 2010)

São Paulo Election for Mayor 2012  First Run-off Vote:  Celso Russomanno of Brazilian Republican Party (PRB) defeated  Fernando Haddad of the Workers’ Party (PT)  Jose Sérra of the Party of Brazilian Social Democracy (PSDB)

2012 Election for Prefeito de São Paulo (Second Round)  Fernando Haddad (PT)  Minister of Education in PT government  Wins in Round #2 (54%)  Jose Serra – PSDB ( again )  Most voted candidate in First Round  Defeated in Round #2 (46%)