“Dada is a state of mind…” “Dada is artistic free thinking…” “Dada gives itself to nothing....”

Formal Definition: The Dada spirit coalesced into a tangible movement in 1916 around a volatile group of freethinking intellectuals and artists who wanted to reject the complacent past and protest the horrible present by creating their own world of satire and shocking aggression. Dada had no uniform characteristics as many other movements in the arts have. Dadaist art can be interpreted by each person how they want to see or read it. Dadaism brings out feelings and emotions in each person dependent upon what he or she is going through at the time. Dadaism was based on the principles of deliberate irrationality, anarchy, and cynicism and the rejection of laws of beauty and social organization.

* Dadaism is often mistaken as a myth due to the outrageous and ridiculous ideas put into the art, however it was very real. * Dadaism was never expected to last forever, the Dadaists lived in the moment and for the moment, and so did the spirit of Dada. * Dadaism was created as a direct reflection of the stupidity and disgusting nature of war. Nothing could be more gross or heinous in a society than war, so the DADAists decreed that everything had no order or relevance anymore. War was the sickest possible outcome of an advanced society, so anything they did in art, costume or performance should be no shock to anyone. Dadaists wanted to break down conventional thinking in society and in a sense, “start again.”

How Did Dadaism Come About? Zurich Germany during World War I was the Birth Place of Dada. It then rapidly spread to Switzerland, Paris, Italy, and New York. It was in Zurich, the dead center of the war where many personalities and ideas came together to form the Dada movement. It was only in such a highly concentrated area that so many people with such a myriad of thoughts could come together and work as a whole. That was what dadaism did. It took ideas and put them on paper in the form of words, or paintings, sketches, or sculpture and then later as films, plays, performance. This was Dadaism.

Although a major point of Dada is that is a not supposed to be a movement, several of the artists released manifestos, the most signification being The First Dada Manifesto by Hugo Ball released on July 14, In his manifesto, Ball professes the philosophy of Dada which consists of three major points: 1. Dada is international in perspective and seeks to bridge differences 2. Dada is antagonistic toward established society in the modern avant-garde 3. Dada is a new tendency in art that seeks to change conventional attitudes and practices in aesthetics, society, and morality.

avant-gardeDEFINITION A movement or group of people who develop new or experimental concepts especially in the arts, but which also includes music, film and theatre.

Tristan Tzara Marcel Duchamp Andre Breton’

Nude Descending Staircase by Marcel Duchamp Examples of Dadaist work: Object Mona Lisa by Marcel Duchamp

MARCEL DUCHAMP "Fountain", 1917

Mechanical Head [or, The Spirit of Our Time]Mechanical Head [or, The Spirit of Our Time], 1919, assemblage: the head of a mannequin in wood, with diverse objects attached to it (including a leather pocketbook, a collapsing aluminum cup, brass and cardboard labels, part of a telescope, a pipe, white cardboard with the figure 22, a part of a dressmaker's measure, a watch gear-wheel, a printing roller),assemblage mannequinaluminum brasscardboard Raoul Hausmann, Untitled, undated, lithograph and photographic collage on paper,Untitledlithograph photographiccollagepaper

Kurt Schwitters, Magic, c , collage on paperMagiccollagepaper Man Ray, Indestructible Object, 1923, replica 1965, wooden metronome and photographIndestructible Objectreplicaphotograph

DADA directly influenced the following styles of art:BAUHAUS INTERNATIONAL TYPOGRAPHIC STYLE POP ART

EVERYONE PLEASE WRITE THESE DOWN Please visit this website to answer the question sheets.

BAUHAUS DESIGN “Bow House” [ German: bauen = “build” + Haus = “house”

Bauhaus Design ( ), is considered one of the most important collections of architecture, design, and art movements of the 20th century. The Bauhaus school of design promoted function over form through the 1920s and 30s. The group was founded in Germany, but was forced to close in 1933 during the start of the Nazi regime. Their influence in visual communications has extended well beyond the years the school was open.

The Bauhaus began with a utopian definition: "The building of the future" Bauhaus was created to develop a functional architecture based on a correlation between design and modern science and industry. Popular contributions in Bauhaus design were applied to buildings, furniture, ceramics, textiles and graphic design.

JOSEF ALBERS

Vassily Kandinsky

"Everyone sitting on a chair with a tubular steel frame, using an adjustable reading lamp, or living in a house partly or entirely constructed from prefabricated elements is benefiting from a revolution in design largely brought about by the Bauhaus”. Child’s Cradle Desk LampLounge Chair

International Typographic Style. Coming to prominence in the fifties, this Swedish design and look was perfectly suited to the increasingly global postwar marketplace. For foreign corporations there was a strong need for international identification for global events such as the Olympics. This universal solution was solved with this design style.

Very simple, elegant use of font and picture

Max Bill, exhibition poster, Josef Müller-Brockmann, public awareness poster, 1960.

LP Covers

International Typographic Style is identified by: 1.) An overall orderly and unified structure which uses a grid to plot out composition

2.) Sans Serif typefaces used in a flush left and ragged right

DEFINITION

3.) Black and white photography in place of drawn illustration. The overall impression was simple and rational, tightly structured, serious and clear. Black and white photography was also colorized.

The media and advertising were favorite subjects for Pop Art's often witty celebrations of consumer society. The term ``Pop Art'' was first used by the English critic Lawrence Alloway in a 1958 issue of Architectural Digest. Pop Art is a style of art which explores the everyday imagery which is part of contemporary consumer culture. Common sources include: advertisements, consumer product packaging, celebrities, and comic strips.

Pop Art emerged in the mid 1950s in England, but realized its fullest potential in New York in the '60s where it shared, with Minimalism, the attentions of the art world. In Pop Art, the epic was replaced with the everyday and the mass- produced awarded the same significance as the unique; the gulf between ``high art'' and ``low art'' was eroding away. Perhaps the greatest Pop artist, whose innovations have affected so much subsequent art, was the American artist, Andy Warhol ( ).

100 Campbells' Soup Cans by Andy Warhol Warhol pushed the boundaries of what exactly constitutes art. Do familiar consumer items and pop culture images reproduced by silk screen onto a canvas mean its art? Many said “no” and Warhol was ignored initially. As Warhol became not only a revered artist he also himself became a celebrity due to his aloof an quiet nature. Warhol dabbled in film, music and many different styles. Towards the end of his career, Warhol the celebrity was just as famous as his work. He died after a routine gall bladder operation in 1987.

Andy Warhol

Elvis by Andy Warhol Rebel Without A Cause (James Dean) by Andy Warhol

Andy Warhol Green Disaster Ten Times (1963)The Gun (1981)

Andy Warhol

roy lichtenstein

ROBERT RAUSCHENBERG

JASPER JOHNS

DADA LINKS BAUHAUS LINKS POP ART LINKS