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 A computer is a device capable of storing data  in a format suited to the computer,  which is then processed by mathematical manipulation and correlation of data.  Graphics is the way in which data is displayed after the processing has been performed. 3

 The Movie Industry.  Gaming Industry  Medical Imaging and Scientific Visualization  Computer Aided Design 4

1. High quality graphics display. [ Win7 ] 2. Ability to reproduce not only real-world objects but abstract objects too. [Car design] 3. Animation 4. Parameters under our control: Speed, part or full scene view, Geometrical relationship with of the objects in the scene wrt other objects. 5

4. Builders use CAD for creating walkthroughs to be presented to the clients. 5. Motion dynamics 6. Update dynamics 7. Audio + Video output gives a realistic look. 6

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Data Display Text Object Simple Text Graphics Object PicturesCharts GraphsDiagrams 8

 The smallest addressable screen element.  A pixel need not represent just a single point.  A pixel rather represents a region which can contain a number of infinite points. 9

A pixel contains:  Co-ordinates  Intensity  Color 10

 Special procedures are required to determine which pixel will provide the best approximation to the desired picture or graphics object.  RASTERISATION  SCAN CONVERSION 11

 JPEG  Vector  Bitmap  TIFF  …… 12

 In physics, a vector is defined as having magnitude as well as direction.  A vector file is sometimes called a geometric file.  Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygon(s), which are all based on mathematical equations, to represent images in computer graphics. [eg: Maps] 13

 It is the creation of digital images through a sequence of commands or mathematical statements that place lines and shapes in a given 2D or 3D space.  The work of a graphics artist’s work is saved as a vector graphic file.  This is eventually converted to bitmap file in order to port it between systems. 14

 It is not resolution dependent hence scalability (resizing) of the image does not result in loss of image quality. [Logos, maps]  Control points help in resizing the object.  A graphic file does not contain the image itself, rather it contains the mathematical equations. 15

 Drastically minimizing the object may result in the erosion of fine lines but the picture quality remains the same. Too much enlargement can make the mistakes visible.  Although photorealistic look is possible but still most vector images look like sharply drawn cartoon images. 16

 An image made up from individual pixels is often referred to as a bitmap or a pixmap image.  It is a spatially mapped array of bits i.e pixels known as a map-of-bits 17

18 Vector V/s Bitmap Raster images are based on pixels and thus scale with loss of clarity, while vector-based images can be scaled indefinitely without degrading quality.

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 Which of the following devices is a graphics device? 20 Keyboard Joystick Printer LCD Mouse Touch Screen

 Vector images are a collection of individual objects rather than picture elements.  A vector image can be composed of points connected by lines, or nodes (control points) connected by Bezier curves.  Animation images are also usually created as vector files. Example, Shockwave's Flash product lets you create 2-D and 3-D animations that are sent to a requestor as a vector file and then rasterized "on the fly" as they arrive. 21

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