Brazil’s Strategy of International Cooperation in Bioenergy Ambassador André Amado MINISTRY OF FOREIGN RELATIONS Subsecretary-General of Energy and High Tecnology

2 Security –The growing world demand for energy has led to countries seeking energy supply security and privileged access to sources, with obvious effects on international stability. Development –There is no economic growth or social development without an increase in energy consumption. Climate change –The production and use of energy is the main source of emission of greenhouse gases, especially in relation to fossil fuels. Energy is one of the priority items on the current international stage: Biofuels are a part of the answer to these three challenges

3 Biofuels and security

4 The concentration of energy supply in a few oil producing countries puts the energy security of the planet at risk. Biofuels can be produced by at least 100 countries, especially in Africa. These could therefore contribute to the de-concentration of energy supply, as well as to the reduction in the unequal access to energy. At the same time, they could play a decisive role in the global and national diversification of energy, including by means of cogeneration. Dependence on energy imports increases the vulnerability of developing countries, placing their economic prosperity at risk. Biofuels represent a unique opportunity for developing countries to reduce oil imports. Biofuels and energy security

5 Biofuels and development

6 Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy Per capita energy consumption (2008) There is a clear relationship between energy consumption and development Tonnes of oil equivalent (TOE)

7 Brazil defends the idea that the sustainability of biofuels should be appraoched in its social, environmental and economic aspects. Biofuels have never been a threat to food production or been a factor in encouraging deforestation. However, the definition of parameters of sustainability should be done in a balanced way: the analysis should take into consideration all the potential benefits and not just the risks. Biofuels: a means of sustainable development

8 Biofuels and climate

9 Just a handful of countries are responsible for most of the world’s emissions World emissions of GHG in 2006 Source: World Energy Council (2008), ENERDATA GHG emissions by region Per capita emissions in 2006

10 World energy mix Source: Agencia Internacional de Energy (AIE) / OCDE Primary sources (2005) Oil 35.0% Natural Gas 20.7% Coal 25.3% Nuclear 6.3% Other “Alternatives” 0.5% Renewable Sources < 13% Biomass and residues 10.0% Hydroelectric 2.2%

11 The Brazilian energy mix Hydro-electric 14.0% Fire-wood and charcoal 11.6% Sugarcane 17.0% Other renewables 3.4% Oil and derivates 36.6% Natural Gas 10.3% Nuclear 1.5% Coal 5.8% Renewable Sources: 46% Source: Balanço Energético Nacional 2009 – EPE Primary sources (2008)

12 Sharing the Brazilian Experience

13 -Brazil has the world’s highest level productivity of ethanol, as well as being highly energy efficient -Ethanol from sugarcane contributes to mitigation of climate change and to reducing atmospheric pollution of city centers -Expansion of ethanol from sugarcane in Brazil does not threaten the Amazon -Food vs. fuel is a false dilemma - biofuels help organize the countryside and improve agricultural infra-structure -Biofuels are a factor in social inclusion and in generating income in the countryside -Public subsidies are not necessary, just public mandates for consumption (E20-25 in Brazil) -Production of biofuels enable cogeneration of electricity (in Brazil, cogeneration should top 12GW by 2020) -As demonstrated by Brazil, biofuels contribute to economic and social progress in developing countries Biofuels: summary of the Brazilian experience

14 United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Meeting with DE Achim Steiner (October 2009) –Brazil and UNEP should collaborate in carrying out feasibility studies for production and sustainable use of biofuels in developing countries. United Nations for Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Visit by DG of UNIDO, Kandeh Yumkella, to Brazil (May 2010) –Brazil and UNIDO should collaborate in carrying out feasibility studies for production and sustainable use of biofuels in developing countries. Sharing the Brazilian experience (1) Initiatives by Brazil in conjunction with international bodies

15 Memorandum of Understanding Brazil – USA Signed March 2007 –Trilateral effort: for dissemination of biofuels to other countries through elaboration of detailed feasibility studies –Phase II in Africa: Senegal and Guinea-Bissau. Brazil–EU Initiative Adopted during the third Brazil – EU Summit (October 2009) –Commitment by Brazil and the EU to work in a joint initiative for sustainable development of bioenergy in Africa, emphasizing biofuels and bio-electricity. –Elaboration of detailed feasibility studies in African countries to be selected on the basis of Brazilian expertise in sustainable production of biofuels and bio- electricity. Sharing the Brazilian experience(2) Trilateral initiatives by Brasil

16 Sharing the Brazilian experience (3) Brazil-China?

17 Brazil has a clear international strategy in the bioenergy area To promote sustainable development –With its energy mix being one of the cleanest in the world, Brazil hopes to contribute to the development of more sustainable global standards for the production and use of energy. Sense of mission –To share technological solutions and public policies with developing countries which help energy generation as well as social and economic progress, on a sustainable basis. Building a global biofuels market –Making biofuels international commodities.