League of Nations

United Nations

The Marshall Plan

Alliances during World War II

Iron Curtain & Berlin Wall

Timeline

was the peace organization that developed after WWII that committed to maintain international peace and security; it is still around today

was developed after WWI in which member nations would cooperate to keep the peace; however, this was not successful

Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, and Japan

the plan of the USA to give money to European nations so they would not become communist

1914 to 1918 World War I 1917Russian Revolution 1919 Treaty of Versailles 1939 to 1945 World War II 1945 to 1991 Cold War 1989 Berlin Wall Falls 1991 Fall of the Soviet Union

Iron Curtain: an IMAGINARY line that “separated” Eastern and Western Europe after World War II Berlin Wall: a REAL WALL that separated communist areas from democratic areas

Treaty of Versailles

Holocaust

Primary Source vs. Secondary Source

Super Powers

Adolf Hitler

Cold War

What is it? it was the systematic killing of Jews, gypsies, communists, and other political groups due to genocide (the mass murder due to race, religion, ethnicity, politics, or culture) When did it occur? during World War 2 Why is it historically important? 12 million people were killed, over 6 million were Jewish

What is it? a treaty created by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded that Germany pay reparations (payment for war damages) Why is it historically important? it ended World War I and helped cause World War II

after the two World Wars, most European countries’ economies were economically suffering; however, the United States and Soviet Union emerged as superpowers

Primary Sources are original materials. They are from the time period involved and have not been filtered through interpretation or evaluation. (examples: diary, speech, letter) Secondary Sources are accounts written after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. They are interpretations and evaluations of primary sources. (examples: textbook, article, biography)

the underlying cause was distrust between communist USSR and democratic USA it was called “cold” because no war was actually fought

the leader of the Nazi Party and was responsible for the Holocaust (the Nazis believed Germans should be the best race) he got support and power by promising the German people an improved economy and military that would return Germany’s position of glory

Propaganda vs. Political Cartoon

Russia and Russia’s Leaders

Germany

World-Wide Depression

Communism

Joseph Stalin

Russia quit fighting in WWI to deal with an internal civil war / revolution Tsar Nicholas II was the last tsar of Russia; his poor handling Russia’s role in World War I led to him no longer being a leader and to his execution Vladimir Lenin took control over Russia in November 1917 and later renamed Russia the Soviet Union and made it a communist country

Propaganda: the persuasive attempt to influence the public’s opinion through media Political Cartoon: illustrations or comic strips containing a political or social message that usually relates to current events or personalities

an economic condition following WWI that encouraged the rise of dictators in Europe

was blamed for WWI and had to pay reparations was divided in 1945 – each of the Allies took a portion of Germany to keep Germany from being too powerful again

ruled the Soviet Union for more than two decades, instituting a reign of terror while modernizing Russia and helping to defeat Nazism

What is it? ideally, it would be a type of government where people share wealth and power equally (but the power really goes to the dictator/government) When did it mostly begin in Europe? around the end of WWI Why is it historically important? it has caused war and other major conflicts among countries (like the Berlin Wall)