Unit Operation Lab K S Chou Ch E, N T H U 1. A: Fluid Flow Experiments A1 - Friction Coefficient in Tubes A2 - Flowmeters  Types of flowing fluid: gas.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
MEKANIKA FLUIDA II Nazaruddin Sinaga
Advertisements

Objectives Velocity and flow measurement
FLOW IN PIPES, PIPE NETWORKS
Unit Operation Lab K S Chou Ch E, N T H U 1. A: Fluid Flow Experiments A1 - Friction Coefficient in Tubes A2 - Flowmeters  Types of flowing fluid: gas.
The Bernoulli Equation - Work and Energy
The Bernoulli Equation
Monroe L. Weber-Shirk S chool of Civil and Environmental Engineering Closed Conduit Measurement Techniques  Pipeline systems  Transmission lines  Pipe.
Pipeline Hydraulics.
Bernoulli ’ s Equation. Outline The Energy Balance for a Steady Incompressible Flow The Friction Heating Term Bernoulli ’ s Equation The Head Form Diffusers.
Volume Flow Measurements. Obstruction Meters u Orifice Meters u Venturi Meters u Flow Nozzles.
Flow Measurement.
California State University, Chico
Pertemuan CLOSED CONDUIT FLOW 1
Monroe L. Weber-Shirk S chool of Civil and Environmental Engineering Closed Conduit Measurement Techniques ä Pipeline systems ä pipe networks ä measurements.
Flow Measurement M. Shahini.
1 Syafruddin Hasan. 2 Systems Concepts Automated systems that control flow rates or volume employ the following components: Automated systems that control.
1 Syafruddin Hasan. 2 Systems Concepts Automated systems that control flow rates or volume employ the following components: Automated systems that control.
Flow Sensors.
CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014 Flow Measurement and Control.
Flow Measurements Identify an effect that depends on flowrate
Core Ag Engineering Principles – Session 1
Week 1 Unit Conversions Mass and Volume Flow Ideal Gas Newtonian Fluids, Reynolds No. Week 2 Pressure Loss in Pipe Flow Pressure Loss Examples Flow Measurement.
Tony Bougebrayel, PE, PhD Engineering Analyst Swagelok Co.
APLIKASI BERNOULLI PADA
PHAROS UNIVERSITY ME 259 FLUID MECHANICS FOR ELECTRICAL STUDENTS Basic Equations for a Control Volume.
Lecture 2 Single Phase Flow Concepts
Experiment 5 Pipe Flow-Major and Minor losses ( review)
Measurement of flowing fluids
Example 1 Velocity measurement by a Pitot tube
Water amd wastewater treatemt Hydraulics
SCHOOL OF BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS
Unit: IV-Fluid Dynamic
Chapter Six Non-Newtonian Liquid.
Things to grab for this session (in priority order)  Pencil  Henderson, Perry, and Young text (Principles of Process Engineering)  Calculator  Eraser.
Flow Measurement and Control. Orifice Meter The orifice meter consists of an accurately machined and drilled plate concentrically mounted between two.
Lesson 23 HEAD LOSS DEFINE the terms head loss, frictional loss, and minor losses. DETERMINE friction factors for various flow situations using the Moody.
ENTC-303Dr. Alvarado1 FLUID FRICTION AND PRESSURE LOSSES.
Washington University ChE 433 Digital Process Control Laboratory Fluid Statics & Dynamics Lecture.
Flow Measurement and Control
4.2 Notes RESISTANCE IN FLUID SYSTEMS. Resistance in Fluid Systems Drag - the force opposing motion when a solid moves through a fluid Drag occurs only.
PIPELINE DESIGN ‘ THE ENGINEERING APPROACH’ SESSION OBJECTIVES THE ENGINEERING EQUATIONS TRANSMISSION LINE GAS FLOW LIQUID SYSTEM.
© Pritchard Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 8 Internal Incompressible Viscous Flow.
The Alaskan pipeline, a significant accomplishment of the engineering profession, transports oil 1286 km across the state of Alaska. The pipe diameter.
Flow measurement.
Unit Operation Lab K S Chou Ch E, N T H U 1. A: Fluid Flow Experiments A1 - Friction Coefficient in Tubes A2 - Flowmeters  Types of flowing fluid: gas,
Flow In Circular Pipes Objective ä To measure the pressure drop in the straight section of smooth, rough, and packed pipes as a function of flow rate.
Week 1 Unit Conversions Conservation of Mass Ideal Gas Newtonian Fluids, Reynolds No. Pressure Loss in Pipe Flow Week 2 Pressure Loss Examples Flow Measurement.
Background 1. Energy conservation equation If there is no friction.
Characteristics of Fluid Flows Chapter 2 Henderson, Perry and Young BAE 2023 Physical Properties1.

ME444 ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEM DESIGN CHAPTER 4 : FLOW THEORY.
Incompressible Flow in Pipes and Channels
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BHARUCH (014) Chemical Engineering department SEM-iii Sub: fluid flow operation topic: orifice meter & rotAmeter Guid by:
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
SUGGESTED MINIMUM KNOWLEDGE OF FLUID MECHANICS AND FOR FE EXAM
Major loss in Ducts, Tubes and Pipes
VENTURIMETER Department of Chemical Engineering
UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENT
Heat and Flow Technology I.
Internal Incompressible
Energy Loss in Valves Function of valve type and valve position
Chap. 6: Applications of Macroscopic Balances
Subject Name: FLUID MECHANICS
Part II. Dimensional Analysis and Experimentation
Environmental Engineering CIV2257
FRICTION FACTOR A common parameter used in LAMINAR and especially in TURBULENT flow is the Fanning friction factor, f ‘f ’is as the ratio defined of wall.
Chapter 4. Analysis of Flows in Pipes
ME444 ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEM DESIGN
Fluid Mechanics Lectures 2nd year/2nd semister/ /Al-Mustansiriyah unv
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
Presentation transcript:

Unit Operation Lab K S Chou Ch E, N T H U 1

A: Fluid Flow Experiments A1 - Friction Coefficient in Tubes A2 - Flowmeters  Types of flowing fluid: gas (natural gas), liquid (tap water), solid, bubbled liquid, slurry, gas-solid (fluidization), solid- liquid-gas system;  Fluid flow: transportation  friction coefficient, viscosity, pressure drop, power required for transportation, choice of pumps, choice of tubes; 2

3  Fermentation reactor: one example of solid- liquid-gas system

4

5 Fundamentals  Pipes are connected by: screws, welding, flanges;  materials: many choices such as steel, PP, PVC, glass, ceramics etc;  Pipe specs: size, wall thickness; nominal value for diameter may have different meaning for different pipes (outside, inside, none above); often follow some standards such as IPS, NPS;  Selection of pipe size: mainly due to cost: material, installation, flow rate, density characteristics; power required; (cost ~ dia^1.5; power ~ dia^-4.8)  Fluids are powered by pumps;

Friction Coefficient  Bernoulli eq. (incompressible fluid, steady state condition)  Pa/  + g Za/gc +  a Va2/2gc = Pb/  + g Zb/gc +  b Vb2/gc + hf  pressure energy + potential energy + kinetic energy + frictional loss = total energy  simplest case: pressure drop = frictional loss  (Pa – Pb)/ρ = hf 6

 fD = 4 fF = 4 Fw/(A K) where fD = Darcy’s friction factor; fF = Fanning friction factor; Fw = friction force; A = area of flow; K = kinetic energy/vol;  Taking circular tube as example: fF = (-ΔP g D) / (2 ΔL ρV2)…. Get data on the right hand side to calculate friction factor  In general: f = f(e/D, Re) e = surface roughness of tube wall; Re = d u ρ/  ; changes in both velocity and viscosity would change Re  For laminar flow: fD = 4 fF = 64/Re  For turbulent flow: (depending on smoothness of tube) ex. smooth tube 1/√fF = 4.06 log (Re √fF)

8 Function of surface roughness

 fittings: splits, bend, elbow, U-tube, flanges, valves, etc  different loss due to different designs  empirical correlations are used mostly  General expression hf = Kf Va2/2 gc, with Kf as an empirical friction coefficient  Total friction loss = friction in straight tube + due to contraction + due to expansion + due to various fittings for this experiment 9

10 Various Flowmeters  orifice meter, Venturi meter, rotameter, etc.  discharge coefficient = f(Re); for orifice meter: Vo = Co √(2 gc  P/  ) Co determined experimentally 圖 A2-2 銳孔流量計之流出係數與 Re 關係。 其測 壓點屬 corner tap Co can be assume to be 0.61 for large Re

11 Venturi flowmeter and its discharge coefficient Vo= Cv/√(1-  4) √(2 g (ΔP/  )  = (d/D) For well designed meter, Cv usually about 0.98 More expensive, more space;

12

13 Pictures from Google to show different design of rotameter

14 Other Types of Flowmeters  Magnetic flowmeter: used for dirty fluids or slurry, such as waste water; no moving part; based on Faraday principle: voltage generated E ~ V * B (magnetic field strength) * D (length of conductor) Taken from: Omega Engineering Technical Reference

15 Ultrasonic Flow Meter  non-invasive; (intrusive) two types: Doppler type (frequency shift ~ velocity) and transit time type (  t ~ velocity)  taken from Flow meter directory

16 Universal flow monitors (UFM) webpage

17

Consideration: Durability, pressure loss, control ability etc. Check valve: one direction flow 18

19 Pump performance: (taken from Walrus webpage) Positive displacement pump Centrifugal pump