A Century of Black Life, History, &Culture Karsonya Wise Whitehead, Ph.D.

“What we need is not a history of selected races or nations, but the history of the world void of national bias, race hate, and religious prejudice.” - Carter G. Woodson, Ph.D.

“In America, we share a dream that lies at the heart of our founding...” - President Barack Obama

Pedagogical Concerns  Students should be trained to be historians - learning how to ask broad questions and conduct research --See Bruce Van Sledright, “In Search of America’s Past”  Students should learn how to conduct an investigative process by which interpretations are built on documentary evidence  Metacognitive skills must be specifically taught and modeled

“I expose slavery in this country, because to expose it is to kill it.” - Frederick Douglass, abolitionist

“Surely ‘war is hell’ – but slavery is worse.” - Nat Love, formerly enslaved

Overview  In order to fully understand this lesson, students should have an understanding of the early developments of the American slave system as evidenced by the U.S. Constitution. They should also be familiar with the contributions of the Charles Carroll family, the life of Frederick Douglass and the Fugitive Slave Act of To a lesser extent, they should have also had a conversation about the growing tensions between the North and South over the issues of slavery and freedom.

“All men are created equal…and now a great act attests this verity.” - Sen. Charles Sumner, Mass.

“We return from fighting. We return fighting.” - W.E.B. DuBois, Ph.D.

“The right to vote is ours. Have it we must. Use it we will.” - Elizabeth Cady Stanton, women’s suffragist

Confronting Diversity  Addressing Diversity  Confronting Racialized Language  Communicating with Parents  Calvert’s Chain of Response  Level I: Teacher  Level II: Monica Stewart, Diversity Coordinator  Level III: David Clapp and Andy Martire

“Freedom could make folks proud, but it didn’t make ‘em rich.” - Felix Haywood, formerly enslaved

“Education is the key to unlock the golden door of freedom.” - George Washington Carver

Understanding Diversity  Frameworks for Understanding Diversity  White Racial Identity Development  pre-encounter  disintegration  reintegration  immersion-emersion  autonomy

“I learned that I was in two wars…against the foreign economy & prejudice at home.” - Jackie Robinson

“Laundry is the only thing that should be separated by color.” - Anonymous

Modeling Diversity  Equity: all students are treated the same by the teacher  Cooperation: students are taught to cooperate rather than compete  Appreciation: students are taught to appreciate and value differences  Reflective Images: students are exposed to and become comfortable with other cultures

“If America is to remain a first-class nation, it can no longer have second-class citizens.” - Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

“We hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men (& women) are created equal.”

“We knew we were going to change the world.” - Angela Davis, scholar and activist

“If a race has no history, it has no worthwhile tradition…” - Carter G. Woodson, Ph.D.

Modeling Diversity  Involvement: students have attentive interest and participate in discussions about diversity  Teacher Support: teacher constantly encourages cultural bridges  Student Cohesiveness: students know, help, respect and are supportive of one another

“I have decided to stick with love. Hate is too great a burden to bear.” - Martin Luther King, Jr.

“…that no matter who you are, no matter what you look like…you can make it if you try.” - President Barak Obama

“We must accept finite disappointment, but never lose infinite hope.” - Martin Luther King, Jr.

“The true worth of a race must be measured by the character of its womanhood.” - Mary McLeod Bethune

“I love my America. And let somebody tell me it isn’t mine.” - Private E.G. McConnell, Company 761 st Tank Battalion

A Century of Black Life, History, &Culture Karsonya Wise Whitehead, Ph.D.