Introduction to Polymers. Overview What are polymers? How are polymers named? What is a polymer crosslinker?

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Learning Goals: Explain the difference between an addition reaction and a condensation polymerization reaction Draw polymer structural diagram, given the.

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Polymers

Overview What are polymers? How are polymers named? What is a polymer crosslinker?

Polymers are all around us! Contact lenses Sport equipment Clothing polyester Plastic containers Synthetic (man-made) Natural DNA Wood Carbohydrates (sugars) Protein (amino acids) Rubber Toys

Polymer Definition polymer “many”“part” Polymers are large molecules made of repeating parts The repeating parts are chemical compounds

Polymers are made of chains of repeating compounds Large (macro) small (micro) Polyester fibersPolyester coat

Polymers are made of chains of repeating compounds Large (macro) small (micro) Polyester fibersPolyester coat Strings of ‘ester’compounds ester Joined by covalent bonds

Large (macro) small (micro) Polyester fibersPolyester coat ester Esters are compounds made of elements like C, H, O Covalent bonds form when these atoms share electrons Polymers are made of chains of repeating compounds

Naming polymers ester Polyester AAAAAAA PolyA mer Polymer sugar Name this polymer:

Naming polymers ester Polyester AAAAAAA PolyA mer Polymer sugar Name this polymer: Polysugar (a carbohydrate!)

Crosslinkers stabilize polymer chains ester Polyester fibers Polymer molecule chains A crosslinker is a compound that bonds polymer chains together Beads on a string One fiber

Crosslinkers stabilize polymer chains ester Polyester fibers Polymer molecule chains Beads on a string A crosslinker is a compound that bonds polymer chains together One fiber

What are some properties of polymers? How can we change the properties of polymers? vs.

The chemical properties of repeat units and their crosslinkers determine the physical properties of polymers Density Melting temperature Transparency Stiffness See-through Flexible Can’t see through Flexible Can’t see through Rigid, stiff

Remember the TP lab? How does TP absorb water? cellulose + Water Toilet paper contains a polymer called cellulose Remember, paper comes from wood, a natural polymer! Example

Remember the TP lab? How does TP absorb water? cellulose + Water Toilet paper contains a polymer called cellulose Water loves cellulose! This makes TP absorbant! Example

Remember the TP lab? How does TP absorb water? So, the chemical properties of a polymer (cellulose) in paper help determine its physical properties (absorbancy) Example

Polyethylene (PE) ethylene An important synthetic polymer Example

CC HH HH This is what the compound called ethylene looks like: This repeating compound is called ethylene -Its chemical formula is C 2 H 4 Polyethylene (PE) ethylene An important synthetic polymer Example

CC HH HH CC HH HH CC HH HH CC HH HH This is what the compound called ethylene looks like: This repeating compound is called ethylene -Its chemical formula is C 2 H 4 Polyethylene (PE) ethylene An important synthetic polymer Example

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) An important natural polymer Wow, that is complex! Example

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) An important natural polymer Wow, that is complex! DNA double helix Cartoon of DNA Example

polymer Polymers are used in medical devices hip knee Shin bone Thigh bone cartilage pelvis

Polymer Synthesis Lab!

Homemade silly putty CC HH H OH Repeat unit = vinyl alcohol Crosslinker = borate ions B OH HO

Homemade silly putty CC HH HO B CC HH O H CC HH HO CC HH O H B CC HO HH CC OH HH CC HO HH CC OH H H